Removal of atmospheric pollutants from gas, related apparatus, processes and uses thereof
Methods related generally to the removal of atmospheric pollutants from the gas phase, are provided, as well as related apparatus, processes and uses thereof. A single-stage air scrubbing apparatus is provided that includes at least one reaction vessel, at least one introduction duct, and a turbulence component, wherein a residence time is sufficient to allow the conversion of at least one atmospheric pollution compound to at least one other compound, molecule or atom. In some embodiments, the at least one atmospheric pollution compound comprises nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide or a combination thereof. Additionally, methods of removing atmospheric pollution compounds from a waste gas stream are disclosed that include introducing a waste gas stream and at least one additional gas stream, mist stream, liquid stream or combination thereof into a single-stage air scrubbing apparatus at a flow rate sufficient to allow for conversion of the at least one atmospheric pollution compound.
1. A system for scrubbing a waste gas of at least one of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, comprising:
an inlet for introducing chlorine dioxide into the reaction vessel;
an inlet for introducing waste gas containing at least one of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides into the reaction vessel;
a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel is equipped with one or more turbulence inducing devices for inducing turbulence in a mixture of the waste gas and the chlorine dioxide; and
at least one sensor positioned in an outlet of the reaction vessel, wherein the sensor is configured to measure at least one of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, water, or temperature in a waste gas stream.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to measure sulfur oxide.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to measure water.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to measure nitrogen oxide.
5. The system of claim 4 , the system further comprising a ClO 2 generator and a ClO 2 sensor.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the ClO 2 generator is configured to receive analog inputs from the nitrogen oxide sensor and the ClO 2 sensor, wherein the analog inputs are used to regulate a rate of generation of ClO 2 by the ClO 2 generator.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a ClO 2 delivery system configured to provide a flow rate of ClO 2 to the inlet for introducing ClO 2 , wherein the ClO 2 delivery system is configured to receive an output from the at least one sensor, wherein the ClO 2 delivery system is configured to adjust the flow rate of the ClO 2 to the inlet for introducing ClO 2 based on the output of the at least one sensor.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first stage scrubber upstream from the reaction vessel, wherein waste gas from the first stage, acid fumes, and low or no nitrogen oxides are treated in the reaction vessel.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a gas flow sensor in the waste gas stream after the reaction vessel.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a first stage scrubber.
11. A method for scrubbing a waste gas of at least one of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, comprising:
introducing chlorine dioxide into an inlet of a reaction vessel;
introducing waste gas containing at least one of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides into an inlet of the reaction vessel;
inducing turbulence in a mixture of the waste gas and the chlorine dioxide in the reaction vessel, wherein the turbulence is induced using one or more turbulence inducing devices, and whereby at least one of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are scrubbed; and
measuring at least one of sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, water, or temperature at an outlet of the reaction vessel using at least one sensor positioned at the outlet of the reaction vessel.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein sulfur oxide is measured.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein water is measured.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein nitrogen oxide is measured.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
generating the chlorine dioxide using a ClO 2 generator; and
measuring chlorine dioxide using a ClO 2 sensor.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
receiving analog inputs from the nitrogen oxide sensor and the ClO 2 sensor; and
using the analog inputs to regulate a rate of generation of ClO 2 by the ClO 2 generator.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
scrubbing the waste gas in a first stage scrubber upstream from the reaction vessel; and
treating waste gas from the first stage scrubber, acid fumes, and low or no NO x in the reaction vessel.
18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
measuring a gas flow in the waste gas, wherein the gas flow is measured using a gas flow sensor in the waste gas stream after the reaction vessel.
19. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
scrubbing the waste gas in a first stage scrubber upstream from the reaction vessel.
20. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
providing a flow rate of ClO 2 to the inlet for introducing ClO 2 using a ClO 2 delivery system;
receiving an output from the at least one sensor by the ClO 2 delivery system; and
adjusting the flow rate of the ClO 2 to the inlet based on the received output of the at least one sensor.