Methods of preventing and treating diabetes by inhibiting serotonin synthesis
The present invention provides methods and therapeutic agents for lowering serum or plasma serotonin levels in a patient in order to prevent or treat diabetes. In preferred embodiments, the patient is known to have, or to be at risk for, diabetes and the agents are TPH1 inhibitors.
1. A method of treating or preventing Type II diabetes in a patient known or suspected to be in need of such treatment or prevention comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) inhibitor.
2. A method of lowering blood glucose levels in a patient known or suspected to be in need of such lowering of blood glucose levels comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) inhibitor.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the TPH1 inhibitor is selected from the following or from pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or solvates thereof:
(1)
where A 1 is optionally substituted heterocycle or 3-fluorophenyl; B is O, N, or —CH 2 —; each R 1 is independently halogen, hydrogen, C(O)R A , OR A , NR B R C , S(O 2 )R A , or optionally substituted alkyl, alkyl-aryl or alkyl-heterocycle; R 2 is halogen, hydrogen, C(O)R A , OR A , NR B R C , S(O 2 )R A , or optionally substituted alkyl, alkyl-aryl or alkyl-heterocycle; either R 3 is NHR 6 and R 4 is hydrogen or, alternatively, R 3 and R 4 together form ═O; R 5 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, alkyl-aryl, alkyl-heterocycle, aryl, or heterocycle; R 6 is hydrogen, C(O)R A , C(O)OR A , or optionally substituted alkyl, alkyl-aryl, alkyl-heterocycle, aryl, or heterocycle; each R A is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, alkyl-aryl or alkyl-heterocycle; each R B is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, alkyl-aryl or alkyl-heterocycle; each R C is independently hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, alkyl-aryl or alkyl-heterocycle; m is 0-4; and n is 0 or 1.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the TPH1 inhibitor is
(121)
or
(122)
5. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the TPH1 inhibitor does not cross the blood brain barrier or the TPH1 inhibitor does not significantly inhibit tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2).
6. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the patient's level of serum or plasma serotonin is measured prior to administering the TPH1 inhibitor.
7. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the patient's level of serum or plasma serotonin is measured after administering the TPH1 inhibitor.
8. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the patient is a mammal.
9. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the patient is a human.
10. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the TPH1 inhibitor is administered with another compound that is known to prevent or treat Type II diabetes.
11. The method of claim 1 or 2 wherein the TPH1 inhibitor is administered with an inhibitor of hormone sensitive lipase.
12. A method of identifying and treating a patient in need of therapy for diabetes comprising:
(a) identifying a patient in need of therapy for diabetes;
(b) administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a TPH1 inhibitor in order to treat diabetes in the patient identified in step (a).
13. A method for identifying a patient having diabetes or at risk of developing diabetes and treating the patient, comprising:
a) determining the level of serum or plasma serotonin in a biological sample from the patient and in a biological sample from a normal subject;
b) administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a TPH1 inhibitor if the level of serum or plasma serotonin in the sample from the patient is elevated by at least about 25% above the serum or plasma serotonin level in the sample from the normal subject;
whereby the patient's serum or plasma serotonin level is lowered and diabetes is thereby treated.