Toner, development agent, and image forming apparatus
Toner contains a binder resin and a colorant, wherein the binder resin contains a resin having a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid skeleton, wherein the toner has a half effusion temperature of from 80° C. to 120° C. as measured by a temperature rising method using a flow tester.
1. A toner comprising:
a binder resin; and
a colorant,
wherein the binder resin comprises a first binder resin which is a non-crystalline resin having a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid skeleton in a main chain and a second binder resin which is a copolymer comprising a non-crystalline resin unit and a crystalline resin unit, and
wherein the toner has a half effusion temperature of from 80° C. to 120° C. as measured by a temperature rising method using a flow tester.
2. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the second binder resin has a melting point of from 50° C. to 80° C. and the non-crystalline resin unit has a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid skeleton in a main chain thereof.
3. The toner according to claim 2 , wherein the first binder resin is a biodegradable resin that comprises repeating units of polycondensed lactic acid.
4. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the non-crystalline resin unit in the second binder resin consists of the first binder resin.
5. The toner according to claim 4 , wherein the first binder resin is a biodegradable resin that comprises repeating units of polycondensed lactic acid.
6. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline resin unit in the second binder resin is a crystalline polyester.
7. The toner according to claim 6 , wherein the first binder resin is a biodegradable resin that comprises repeating units of polycondensed lactic acid.
8. The toner according to claim 1 , further comprising a fixing helping agent.
9. The toner according to claim 8 , wherein the fixing helping agent comprises a crystalline polyester resin having a melting point of from 15° C. lower than a melting point of the second binder resin to 15° C. higher than said melting point of the second binder resin.
10. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein a weight average molecular weight of a tetrahydrofuran soluble portion of the toner ranges from 20,000 to 50,000 as measured by a gel permeation chromatography.
11. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline resin unit ranges from 20% by weight to 80% by weight in the second resin.
12. The toner according to claim 1 , wherein the first binder resin is a biodegradable resin that comprises repeating units of polycondensed lactic acid.
13. A development agent comprising:
toner carrier; and
the toner of claim 1 .