Systems and methods for making and using tip electrodes for leads of electrical stimulation systems
An implantable electrical stimulation lead includes a lead body, electrodes disposed along a distal end of the lead body, terminals disposed along the proximal end of the lead body, and conductors coupling the terminals to the electrodes. The electrodes include a tip electrode having an electrode body with an outer stimulating surface. An internal lumen is defined in the electrode body and extends inwardly from an opening in a proximal end of the electrode body. Side apertures are formed between the outer stimulating surface and the internal lumen. A portion of the lead body is disposed within the internal lumen and side apertures through the opening in the proximal end of the electrode body. That portion of the lead body facilitates retention of the tip electrode on a distal tip of the lead body.
1. An implantable electrical stimulation lead, comprising:
a lead body having a proximal end portion, a distal end portion, a distal tip, and a longitudinal length;
a plurality of electrodes disposed along the distal end portion of the lead body, the plurality of electrodes comprising a tip electrode disposed on the distal tip of the lead body, the tip electrode comprising
an electrode body having an outer stimulating surface, a proximal end, a closed distal end, a circumference, and a longitudinal length, and
an internal lumen defined in the electrode body and extending inwardly from an opening in the proximal end of the electrode body, the internal lumen defining a plurality of longitudinal grooves formed along the internal lumen and extending deeper into the electrode body than adjacent portions of the internal lumen, each of the plurality of longitudinal grooves extending along the internal lumen in a direction that is parallel to the longitudinal length of the electrode body,
wherein a portion of the lead body is disposed within the internal lumen and into the plurality of longitudinal grooves through the opening in tire proximal end of the electrode body, wherein the portion of the lead body within the internal lumen and the plurality of longitudinal grooves facilitates retention of the tip electrode on the distal tip of the lead body;
a plurality of terminals disposed along the proximal end portion of the lead body; and
a plurality of conductors, each conductor of the plurality of conductors electrically coupling each of the plurality of terminals to at least one of the plurality of electrodes.
2. The implantable electrical stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of longitudinal grooves extends from the opening in the proximal end of the internal lumen.
3. The implantable electrical stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of longitudinal grooves each extend along at least 50% of the longitudinal length of the electrode body.
4. The implantable electrical stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the tip electrode is isodiametric with the lead body.
5. The implantable electrical stimulation lead of claim 1 , wherein the tip electrode further comprises a channel defined in the internal lumen, the channel extending deeper into the electrode body than adjacent portions of the internal lumen, the channel extending along at least 25% of the circumference of the electrode body.
6. The implantable electrical stimulation lead of claim 5 , wherein the channel extends around the entire circumference of the electrode body.
7. The implantable electrical stimulation lead of claim 5 , wherein the channel intersects at least a portion of at least one of the plurality of longitudinal grooves.