Systems for detecting movement of a target

1. A system for wirelessly detecting movement of a target, the system comprising a reference oscillator, a transmitter, a receiver, a demodulator, a beam splitter, a collimating device, and a processor, wherein:

the reference oscillator is electrically coupled to the transmitter, the receiver, and the demodulator and generates a transmitter reference frequency, a receiver reference frequency, and a demodulator reference frequency, wherein each of the transmitter reference frequency, the receiver reference frequency, and the demodulator reference frequency has a different frequency, and wherein the transmitter reference frequency, the receiver reference frequency, and the demodulator reference frequency have locked phase angles such that the phase angles are synchronized;

the transmitter generates a continuous-wave signal at a frequency based on the transmitter reference frequency and wirelessly transmits the continuous-wave signal to the beam splitter;

the beam splitter optically couples the transmitter, the collimating device, and receiver together and is configured to split the continuous-wave signal into two components wherein a first component is directed to the collimating device and a second component is not used;

the collimating device collimates and directs the first component of the continuous-wave signal to the target;

the receiver wirelessly receives a reflected signal from the target, wherein the reflected signal comprises the continuous-wave signal reflected by the target, and wherein a phase angle of the reflected signal corresponds to movement of the target;

the receiver converts the reflected signal into an intermediate frequency signal based on the receiver reference frequency;

the demodulator is electrically coupled to the receiver and demodulates the intermediate frequency signal into an in-phase component and a quadrature component based on the phase angle of the reflected signal, wherein the demodulator uses the demodulator reference frequency to demodulate the intermediate frequency signal; and

the processor is electrically coupled to the demodulator and converts the in-phase component and the quadrature component into a movement signal corresponding to movement of the target.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reference oscillator has a frequency of approximately 100 MHz.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the continuous-wave signal operates at approximately 228 GHz.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the intermediate frequency signal operates at approximately 2.4 GHz.

5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the target is a human, and movement of the target includes movement due to respiration and movement sue to a heartbeat.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the processor further determines a respiration rate of the target based on the movement signal.

7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the processor further determines a heartbeat rate of the target based on the movement signal.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver comprises a heterodyne receiver capable of multiplying the reflected signal with the receiver reference frequency.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a lock-in amplifier, wherein the lock-in amplifier is electrically coupled to the demodulator and the processor such that the lock-in amplifier increases sensitivity of the in-phase component and the quadrature component based on amplitude modulation of the continuous-wave signal.

10. The system of claim 1 , wherein:

the transmitter multiplies the transmitter reference frequency by a fixed multiplier to generate the continuous-wave signal;

the receiver multiplies the receiver reference frequency by the fixed multiplier to generate a multiplied signal which is combined with the reflected signal to produce the intermediate frequency signal; and

the demodulator multiplies the intermediate frequency with the demodulator reference frequency to generate the in-phase component and the quadrature component.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the frequency multiplier is 24 and the demodulator reference frequency is 2.4 GHz.