Tobacco-derived protein compositions
The disclosure describes methods for the purification of protein-enriched extracts to provide concentrates and isolates and methods for incorporation of such materials into products. The purification methods are adapted for removal of one or more of ash, metal salts, alkaloids, particulates, heavy metals, and other impurities and/or contaminants from extracts, as well as modifying the sensory characteristics (e.g., odor, color, and/or taste characteristics) of extracts. The methods generally include diafiltration, treatment with functionalized resins, and supercritical extraction. A protein composition in the form of a concentrate or isolate is provided, the protein composition including RuBisCO, F2 fraction proteins, or combination thereof extracted from a plant of the Nicotiana species, wherein the protein composition is characterized by one or more of: an ash content of less than about 15% by weight; a nicotine content of less than about 10 μg/g; and a heavy metal content of less than about 60 μg/g.
1. A method for reducing the ash or alkaloid content in a protein-enriched material, the method comprising:
a) receiving a plant-derived, protein-enriched material comprising RuBisCO, F2 fraction proteins, or a combination thereof, wherein the plant-derived, protein-enriched material further comprises undesirable ash, nicotine, or a combination thereof;
b) dissolving at least a portion of the plant-derived, protein-enriched material in a solvent to form a solution having a basic pH;
c) subjecting the plant-derived, protein-enriched material solution to diafiltration by passing the solution through one or more ultrafiltration membranes to afford a retentate comprising a protein concentrate or isolate having a reduced amount of ash, nicotine, or a combination thereof as compared with the plant-derived, protein-enriched material.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is aqueous.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant-derived, protein-enriched material comprises material from a plant of the Nicotiana species.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more ultrafiltration membranes have a molecular weight cutoff of between about 1 kDa and about 150 kDa.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subjecting step comprising passing the solution through a ultrafiltration membrane having a molecular weight cutoff of about 5 kDa.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein concentrate or isolate has an ash content that is reduced at least about 25% as compared with the plant-derived, protein-enriched material.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein concentrate or isolate has an ash content of less than about 10% by weight.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein concentrate or isolate has a nicotine content of less than about 5 μg/g.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plant-derived, protein-enriched material comprises at least about 40% RuBisCO, F2 fraction proteins, or a combination thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein concentrate or isolate has a nicotine content of less than about 1 μg/g.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising
treating at least a portion of the plant-derived, protein-enriched material before step b) or the retentate following step c) by contacting it in solution with a functionalized resin to reduce the amount of one or more of copper, cadmium, lead, and nickel.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treating is conducted in an aqueous solution.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treating is conducted at a pH of greater than 7.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plant-derived, protein-enriched material comprises material from a plant of the Nicotiana species.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treating step comprises stirring the plant-derived, protein-enriched material or retentate with the functionalized resin.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the contacting step comprises passing the plant-derived, protein-enriched material or retentate through a column comprising the functionalized resin.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the functionalized resin comprises a resin functionalized with triaminetetraacetic acid groups or salts thereof.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treating is conducted at a temperature between about room temperature and about 80° C.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treating comprises agitating the plant-derived, protein-enriched material or retentate and the functionalized resin.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treating provides a material that has an amount of one or more of copper, cadmium, lead, and nickel that is reduced at least about 25% as compared with the plant-derived, protein-enriched material or retentate.
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the treating provides a material that has an amount of one or more of copper, cadmium, lead, and nickel that is reduced at least about 50% as compared with the plant-derived, protein-enriched material or retentate.
22. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plant-derived, protein-enriched material comprises at least about 40% RuBisCO, F2 fraction proteins, or a combination thereof.