Silicon carbide substrate, semiconductor device, and methods for manufacturing them
A silicon carbide substrate has a first main surface, and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface. A region including at least one main surface of the first and second main surfaces is made of single-crystal silicon carbide. In the one main surface, sulfur atoms are present at not less than 60×10 10 atoms/cm 2 and not more than 2000×10 10 atoms/cm 2 , and carbon atoms as an impurity are present at not less than 3 at % and not more than 25 at %. Thereby, a silicon carbide substrate having a stable surface, a semiconductor device using the substrate, and methods for manufacturing them can be provided.
1. A silicon carbide substrate, comprising:
a first main surface; and
a second main surface opposite to said first main surface,
a region including at least one main surface of said first and second main surfaces consisting essentially of single-crystal silicon carbide,
sulfur atoms being present in said one main surface at not less than 60×10 10 atoms/cm 2 and not more than 2000×10 10 atoms/cm 2 , and carbon atoms as an impurity being present in said one main surface at not less than 3 atomic percent (at %) and not more than 25 atomic percent (at %).
2. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , wherein chlorine atoms are present in said one main surface at not more than 3000×10 10 atoms/cm 2 .
3. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , wherein oxygen atoms are present in said one main surface at not less than 3 atomic percent (at %) and not more than 30 atomic percent (at %).
4. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , wherein a metal impurity is present in said one main surface at not more than 4000×10 10 atoms/cm 2 .
5. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , wherein said one main surface has a surface roughness of not more than 0.5 nm when evaluated in Rq.
6. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , having a diameter of not less than 110 mm.
7. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , having a diameter of not less than 125 mm and not more than 300 mm.
8. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , wherein
said single-crystal silicon carbide has a 4H structure, and
said one main surface has an off angle of not less than 0.1° and not more than 10° relative to a {0001} plane of said single-crystal silicon carbide.
9. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , wherein
said single-crystal silicon carbide has a 4H structure, and
said one main surface has an off angle of not more than 4° relative to a {03-38} plane of said single-crystal silicon carbide.
10. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , comprising:
a base layer; and
a single-crystal silicon carbide layer formed on said base layer,
wherein said one main surface is a surface of said single-crystal silicon carbide layer on a side opposite to a side facing said base layer.
11. The silicon carbide substrate according to claim 1 , wherein each concentration of sulfur atoms and carbon atoms is adjusted so that silicon is suppressed from adhering to said one main surface.