Ischemia/reperfusion protection compositions and methods of using
The invention provides for ischemia/reperfusion protection compositions having one or more ketone bodies and melatonin. The invention also provides for methods of using such compositions to reduce or prevent ischemia/reperfusion injury due to blood loss, stroke or cardiopulmonary arrest or surgery.
1. A method for treating ischemic damage and/or reperfusion injury in an individual who is experiencing or has experienced hemorrhagic external blood loss, comprising administering a composition comprising 4M D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and 43 mM melatonin to said individual, thereby treating ischemic damage and/or reperfusion injury in said individual.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the individual is experiencing or has experienced a major hemorrhagic event.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said individual has lost a blood volume of at least about 10%.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said blood loss in said individual results in a systolic blood pressure of about 70 mm Hg or less.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is administered at a volume of 0.3 to 2 milliliters (mls) per kilogram (kg) of weight of said individual.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is administered at a volume of 0.3 to 2 mls per kg of weight of said individual per hour.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is administered at a volume of 0.3 to 2 mls per kg of weight of said individual followed by administration of said composition at a volume of 0.3 to 2 mls per kg of weight of said individual per hour.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is administered intravenously or intraosseously.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said individual's StO2 levels are less than 75%.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said administering results in said individual's StO2 levels returning to greater than 75%.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said individual has been treated when the individual's StO2 levels are greater than 75%.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said individual's lactate levels are greater than 2.1 mg/dl.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said administering results in said individuals lactate levels returning to less than 2.1 mg/dl.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said individual has been treated when the individual's lactate levels are less than 2.1 mg/dl.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said administering prevents the base deficit of said individual from reaching 6 mEq/L.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transfusing said individual with blood or plasma after said composition is administered.