Inhibitor of HMGB protein-mediated immune response activation, and screening method
Provided are an inhibitor of activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein, the inhibitor containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide and a derivative thereof, and a method of screening for an inhibitor or enhancer of activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein.
1. A method of inhibiting activation of an immune response mediated by a high-mobility group box (HMGB) protein, the method comprising
administering to a subject in need thereof a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide of 20 to 40 nucleotides in length in an amount effective to inhibit an immune response in the subject, wherein
the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide binds to HMGB protein,
the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide does not have an unmethylated CG sequence, and
the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide does not have a methylated guanine.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide consisting of:
a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; or
a nucleotide sequence having deletion, substitution, or addition of one or more nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and having a binding ability to an HMGB protein.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide inhibits a binding between a nucleic acid activating the immune response and the HMGB protein in a cell.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein is selected from the group consisting of antigen-specific adaptive immune system, multiple sclerosis, excessive immune response to a dead cell, organ transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, allergy, septicemia, tumor growth by inflammation and inflammatory disease caused by a nucleic acid-containing pathogen.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide consisting of:
a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; or
a nucleotide sequence having deletion, substitution, or addition of one to five nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and having a binding ability to an HMGB protein.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes multiple sclerosis or septicemia.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes multiple sclerosis or septicemia.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide consisting of:
a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; or
a nucleotide sequence having deletion, substitution, or addition of one to three nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and having a binding ability to an HMGB protein.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes multiple sclerosis or septicemia.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide consisting of a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes multiple sclerosis or septicemia.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide comprising:
a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; or
a nucleotide sequence having deletion, substitution, or addition of one or more nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and having a binding ability to an HMGB protein.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide comprising:
a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; or
a nucleotide sequence having deletion, substitution, or addition of one to five nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and having a binding ability to an HMGB protein.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes multiple sclerosis or septicemia.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide comprising:
a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; or
a nucleotide sequence having deletion, substitution, or addition of one to three nucleotides in the nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and having a binding ability to an HMGB protein.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes multiple sclerosis or septicemia.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes multiple sclerosis or septicemia.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the activation of an immune response mediated by an HMGB protein causes an inflammatory disease.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide is unmethylated.
21. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphorothioate oligonucleotide does not comprise a CG sequence.