Herbicide formulations containing an etheramine and alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant system
The present invention generally relates to herbicidal compositions comprising a herbicide, an etheramine alkoxylate surfactant, an alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant having a high degree of alkoxylation and compatibilizer comprising, in some embodiments, an alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant having a low degree of alkoxylation or an alkylpolyglucoside surfactant. The herbicidal compositions are herbicidally efficacious and cause low eye irritation and low crop injury.
1. An aqueous herbicidal composition that is biologically effective to control growth of a susceptible plant, the composition comprising:
a water-soluble herbicide comprising glyphosate or a derivative thereof;
a surfactant component comprising an alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant and an etheramine alkoxylate surfactant, wherein
the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant corresponds to the formula:
wherein
R 1 is C 12-18 straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl, each R 2 is independently C 1-4 alkylene, each R 3 is independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, and x+y is an average number of from about 8 to about 20, and
the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant corresponds to the formula:
wherein R 10 is C 6-22 straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl, each R 11 is independently C 1-4 alkylene, each R 12 is independently C 1-4 alkylene, each R 13 is independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, z is an average number of from about 1 to about 10, m and n are average numbers such that m+n is in the range of from about 2 to about 10; and
a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of:
an alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant of formula (3):
wherein R 20 is C 12-18 straight or branched chain hydrocarbyl, each R 21 is independently C 1-4 alkylene, each R 22 is independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, and q+r is an average number of from about 2 to about 4, and
an alkylpolyglucoside surfactant of formula (4):
wherein R 120 is a branched or straight chain hydrocarbyl group having from about 4 to about 18 carbon atoms and n is an average number of from about 1 to about 5,
wherein the composition has a cloud point in excess of about 50° C., and
wherein the composition provides reduced injury to glyphosate-tolerant crops as compared to a reference formulation corresponding to the composition, except wherein the reference formulation comprises a surfactant component consisting essentially of an etheramine alkoxylate surfactant of formula (2).
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein R 20 is C 12-14 alkyl, R 21 is C 2 alkylene, R 22 is hydrogen, and q+r is an average number of from about 2 to about 4.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein R 1 is C 16-18 alkyl, R 2 is C 2 alkylene, R 3 is hydrogen, and x+y is an average number of from about 9 to about 10.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein R 10 is C 12-18 alkyl, R 11 is isopropyl, R 12 is C 2 alkylene, R 13 is hydrogen, z is an average number of from about 1 to about 10 and m+n is an average number of from about 5 to about 10.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant of formula (1) to the compatibilizer is from about 80:20 to about 50:50.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant is from 70:30 to 50:50.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the glyphosate derivative is a glyphosate salt selected from the potassium salt, isopropylamine salt, di-ammonium salt, mono-ammonium salt, sodium salt, monoethanolamine salt, n-propylamine salt, methylamine salt, ethylamine salt, hexamethylenediamine salt, dimethylamine salt, trimethylsulfonium salt, and mixtures thereof.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the glyphosate salt comprises potassium glyphosate.
9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the composition further comprises the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate, the monoethanolamine salt of glyphosate, the dimethylamine salt of glyphosate or mixtures thereof.
10. The composition of claim 7 wherein the glyphosate salt comprises isopropylamine glyphosate, monoethanolamine glyphosate, dimethylamine glyphosate or mixtures thereof.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is an aqueous solution concentrate having a glyphosate or a derivative thereof concentration of from about 500 grams acid equivalent per liter to a maximum concentration dictated by the solubility of the glyphosate or a derivative thereof.
12. The composition of claim 11 wherein the glyphosate or a derivative thereof concentration is from about 540 grams acid equivalent per liter to a maximum concentration dictated by the solubility of the water-soluble herbicide.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a FIFRA category 3 eye irritation rating when measured according to the method of United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.2400 Acute Eye Irritation, August 1998.
14. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a FIFRA category 3 skin irritation rating when measured according to the method of United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.2500 Acute Dermal Irritation, August 1998.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a rat oral LD 50 rating in milligrams of the composition per kilogram of rat weight of greater than 5000 when measured according to the methods provided in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.1100 Acute Oral Toxicity, December 2002.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a rat dermal LD 50 rating in milligrams of the composition per kilogram of rat weight of greater than 5000 when measured according to the methods provided in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.1200 Acute Dermal Toxicity, August 1998.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has a rat inhalation LC 50 rating in milligrams of the composition per liter of air of greater than 2 when measured according to the methods provided in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.1300 Acute Inhalation Toxicity, August 1998.
18. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition has negative dermal sensitization Buehler test rating when measured according to the methods provided in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Health Effects Test Guidelines, OPPTS 870.2600 Skin Sensitization, March 2003.
19. An herbicidal method comprising forming an application mixture by diluting an aqueous composition of claim 1 in water and applying the application mixture to the foliage of a plant or plants.
20. The composition of claim 5 wherein the weight ratio of the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant of formula (1) to the compatibilizer is from about 65:35 to about 50:50.
21. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant is from about 80:20 to about 40:60 and the weight ratio of glyphosate a.e. to total surfactant loading is from about 3:1 to about 5:1.
22. The composition of claim 21 wherein the weight ratio of glyphosate a.e. to total surfactant loading is from about 4:1 to about 4.5:1.
23. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant is from 90:10 to 10:90.
24. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant is from 80:20 to 20:80.
25. The composition of claim 7 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant is from 90:10 to 10:90.
26. The composition of claim 7 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant is from 80:20 to 20:80.
27. The composition of claim 1 wherein the glyphosate salt comprises triethanolamine salt of glyphosate.
28. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is an aqueous solution concentrate having a glyphosate or derivative thereof concentration of from about 500 grams acid equivalent per liter to about 600 grams acid equivalent per liter.
29. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of glyphosate, a.e. to total surfactant is from about 1:1 to about 6:1.
30. The composition of claim 7 wherein the weight ratio of the alkylamine alkoxylate surfactant of formula (1) to the compatibilizer is from about 80:20 to about 50:50.
31. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the sum of the alkylamine surfactant and compatibilizer surfactant is from about 90:10 to about 10:90.
32. The composition of claim 1 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the sum of the alkylamine surfactant and compatibilizer surfactant is from about 80:20 to about 20:80.
33. The composition of claim 7 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the sum of the alkylamine surfactant and compatibilizer surfactant is from about 90:10 to about 10:90.
34. The composition of claim 7 wherein the weight ratio of the etheramine alkoxylate surfactant to the sum of the alkylamine surfactant and compatibilizer surfactant is from about 80:20 to about 20:80.
35. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition comprises the potassium salt of glyphosate and the triethanolamine salt of glyphosate.