System and method for controlling electric fields in electro-hydrodynamic applications
An electro-hydrodynamic system that extracts energy from a gas stream, which includes an injector that injects a first species of particles having the same polarity into the gas stream, wherein particle movement with the gas stream is opposed by a first electric field; an electric field generator that generates a second electric field opposing the first, such that the net electric field at a predetermined distance downstream from the injector is approximately zero; an upstream collector that collects a second species of particles having a polarity opposite the first particle species; a downstream collector that collects the charged particle; and a load coupled between the downstream collector and the upstream collector, wherein the load converts the kinetic energy of the gas stream into electric power.
1. An electro-hydrodynamic system that extracts energy from a gas stream, the system including:
an injector that injects a first species of particles from an injector exit having the same polarity into the gas stream wherein particle movement with the gas stream is opposed by a first electric field;
an electric field generator that generates a second electric field opposing the first, such that the net electric field at a predetermined distance downstream from the injector is zero wherein the electric field generator is toroidal, at least partially encircles the injector, is and substantially concentric with the injector, and wherein a portion of the electric field generator is positioned upstream from the injector exit;
an upstream collector that collects a second species of particles having a polarity opposite the first particle species;
a downstream collector that collects the charged particle; and
a load coupled between the downstream collector and the upstream collector, wherein the load converts the kinetic energy of the gas stream into electric power.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electric field generator is an electrode.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electric field generator further includes a field shaper that shapes the second electric field.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the field shaper is an electrode positioned substantially coplanar with and along the center axis of the electric field generator.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electric field generator is positioned downstream from the injector.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the electric field generator attracts the first species of particles.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the electric field generator includes a first electrode held at the same polarity as the first particle species and a second electrode held at a polarity opposite that of the first particle species, wherein the first electrode is aligned with the second electrode substantially along the gas stream, wherein first electrode is proximal to the injector, and the second electrode is distal to the injector.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the magnitude of the electric potential of the first electrode is smaller than that of the second electrode.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined distance is 5-10 mm downstream from the injector.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the particles are liquid droplets.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the injector includes a plurality of nozzles that inject the first species of particles into the gas stream.
12. An electro-hydrodynamic system that extracts energy from a gas stream, the system including:
an injector that injects a first species of particles having the same polarity into the gas stream, wherein particle movement with the gas stream is opposed by a first electric field;
an electric field generator, comprising a toroidal electrode substantially concentric and coplanar with the injector, that generates a second electric field opposing the first, wherein the second electric field reverses the net electric field a predetermined distance downstream from the injector, the second electric field having a higher strength at a point distal from the electric field generator than a point proximal to the electric field generator, wherein a portion of the electric field generator is positioned upstream from the injector;
an upstream collector that collects a second species of particles having a polarity opposite the first particle species;
a downstream collector that collects the charged particle; and
a load coupled between the downstream collector and the upstream collector, wherein the load converts the kinetic energy of the gas stream into electric power.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the electric field generator alters the velocity of a portion of the gas stream.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the electric field generator includes a convergent nozzle, wherein the injector is positioned substantially in the throat of the nozzle.
15. An electro-hydrodynamic system that extracts energy from a gas stream, the system including:
an injector that injects a first species of particles having the same polarity into the gas stream, wherein particle movement with the gas stream is opposed by a first electric field;
a toroidal electrode, coplanar and concentric with the injector, that generates a second electric field opposing the first, such that the net electric field at a predetermined distance downstream from the injector is approximately zero;
an upstream collector that collects a second species of particles having a polarity opposite the first particle species;
a downstream collector that collects the charged particle; and
a load coupled between the downstream collector and the upstream collector, wherein the load converts the kinetic energy of the gas stream into electric power.