Capacitive pressure sensor with reduced parasitic capacitance
System, apparatus and method for capacitive sensing, where a sensor includes an upper and lower housing, each respectively equipped with upper and lower pressure ports. The lower housing is electrically coupled to an active shield. An insulating material is provided on or near a conductive diaphragm for insulating the conductive diaphragm from the lower housing. The insulating material may be an insulator or a dielectric material, where a sensing electrode is positioned such that the sensing electrode extends laterally across at least a portion of the insulating material, and is separated from the insulating material by a predetermined distance to form an air gap.
1. A capacitive pressure sensor, comprising:
an upper housing comprising an upper pressure port:
a lower housing comprising a lower pressure port, said lower housing being coupled to an active shield;
a conductive diaphragm positioned between the upper and lower housing;
an insulator, positioned in the pressure sensor to insulate the conductive diaphragm from the lower housing;
a sensing electrode positioned in the lower housing, wherein the sensing electrode extends laterally across at least a portion of the conductive diaphragm and is separated from the conductive diaphragm by a predetermined distance, and wherein the conductive diaphragm is electrically coupled to the upper housing.
2. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the upper housing and conductive diaphragm are electrically coupled to a common reference.
3. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing electrode is further coupled to a drive circuit via an electrical conductor.
4. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 1 , wherein the upper and lower housings are constructed from one of stamping, casting, and machined passivated metal.
5. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a capacitance-to-digital converter, operatively coupled to an output of the capacitive pressure sensor.
6. A capacitive pressure sensor, comprising:
an upper housing comprising an upper pressure port;
a lower housing comprising a lower pressure port, said lower housing being coupled to an active shield;
a conductive diaphragm positioned between the upper and lower housing;
a dielectric material coupled to the conductive diaphragm for insulating the conductive diaphragm from the lower housing; and
a sensing electrode positioned in the lower housing, wherein the sensing electrode extends laterally across at least a portion of the dielectric material and is separated from the dielectric material by a predetermined distance to form an air gap, and wherein the conductive diaphragm is electrically coupled to the upper housing.
7. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 6 , wherein the upper housing and conductive diaphragm are electrically coupled to a common reference.
8. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 6 , wherein the sensing electrode is further coupled to a drive circuit via an electrical conductor.
9. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 6 , wherein the upper and lower housings are constructed from one of stamping, casting, and machined passivated metal.
10. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 6 , further comprising a capacitance-to-digital converter, operatively coupled to an output of the capacitive pressure sensor.
11. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 6 , wherein the radius of the conductive diaphragm is greater than the radius of the sensing electrode.
12. The capacitive pressure sensor of claim 6 , wherein the dielectric material, conductive diaphragm and sensing electrode are arranged so that the sensing electrode senses capacitive changes only from the air gap.
13. A method of forming a capacitive pressure sensor, comprising the steps of:
providing an upper housing comprising an upper pressure port;
providing a lower housing comprising a lower pressure port, said lower housing being coupled to an active shield;
positioning a conductive diaphragm between the upper and lower housing;
coupling an insulating material to the conductive diaphragm for insulating the conductive diaphragm from the lower housing, said insulating material comprising one of (i) and insulator and (ii) a dielectric material;
electrically coupling the conductive diaphragm to the upper housing; and
positioning a sensing electrode in the lower housing, such that the sensing electrode extends laterally across at least a portion of the insulating material, and is separated from the insulating material by a predetermined distance to form an air gap.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising the steps of electrically coupling the upper housing and conductive diaphragm to a common reference.
15. The method of claim 13 , further comprising the step of coupling the sensing electrode to a drive circuit via an electrical conductor.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the insulating material, conductive diaphragm and sensing electrode are positioned so that the sensing electrode senses capacitive changes only from the air gap.