LED lighting apparatus formed by a printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes and methods of using same
An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes comprises a plurality of diodes, a first solvent and/or a viscosity modifier. An exemplary apparatus comprises: a plurality of diodes; at least a trace amount of a first solvent; and a polymeric or resin film at least partially surrounding each diode of the plurality of diodes. Various exemplary diodes have a lateral dimension between about 10 to 50 microns and about 5 to 25 microns in height. Other embodiments may also include a plurality of substantially chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 50 microns.
1. A lighting apparatus comprising:
a tubular housing;
at least one electrical interface coupled to at least one end of the tubular housing, the at least one electrical interface comprising at least one end cap having one or more pins extending therefrom; and
an illuminating element disposed within the tubular housing, the illuminating element formed from a composition comprising:
a first solvent;
a viscosity modifier; and
a plurality of light emitting diodes having a width less than or equal to 50 microns, each light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising:
a light emitting region, the light emitting or absorbing region having a mesa region;
at least one first terminal coupled to the light emitting region; and
at least one second terminal coupled to the light emitting region.
2. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing is transparent or translucent.
3. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing is or further comprises a light diffusion or dispersion structure.
4. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing has a form factor selected from the group consisting of: cylindrical, spiral, conical, frustroconical, bulbous, elongated, flat, curled, and combinations thereof.
5. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of: metal, glass, plastic, polymer, polymeric, and combinations thereof.
6. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing is rigid or flexible.
7. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing further comprises a phosphor coating.
8. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the tubular housing, or the illuminating element, or both the tubular housing and the illuminating element, are substantially cylindrical.
9. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lighting apparatus has a form factor compatible with insertion of the lighting apparatus into a standard fluorescent tube-type socket.
10. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lighting apparatus has a form factor compatible or interchangeable with a T-type fluorescent tube.
11. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lighting apparatus has a form factor compatible with a lighting standard.
12. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lighting apparatus has a form factor compatible with a lighting standard selected from the group consisting of: ES, E12, E14, E26, E27, SES, bi-pin, quad-pin, L1, PL-2 pin, PL-4 pin, G9 halogen capsule, G4 halogen capsule, GU10, GU5.3, bayonet, small bayonet.
13. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a width between about 20 to 30 microns and a height between about 5 to 15 microns.
14. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes further comprises at least one via structure coupling the first terminal or the second terminal to the light emitting or absorbing region.
15. The lighting apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the via structure has a height from 7 microns to 9 microns and a width from 3 microns to 5 microns.
16. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes has at least one lateral side having a height from 5 microns to 15 microns.
17. A method of using the lighting apparatus of claim 1 , comprising inserting the lighting apparatus into a fluorescent tube-type socket.
18. A method comprising:
an individual using a lighting apparatus, the lighting apparatus comprising a tube or cylinder, an illuminating element disposed within the tube or cylinder, at least one end cap coupled to at least one end of the tube or cylinder, the at least one end cap comprising one or more pins extending therefrom; and
wherein the illuminating element comprises: a first solvent; a viscosity modifier; and a plurality of light emitting diodes having a width less than 50 microns, each light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising: a light emitting or absorbing region having a mesa, a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region; and a second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a width from about 20 microns to about 30 microns.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a height from about 10 microns to about 15 microns.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the second terminal is coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region by a via structure.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the via structure has a height from 7 about microns to about 9 microns.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the via structure has a height from 7 about microns to about 9 microns and a width from 3 microns to 5 microns.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a lateral side having a height from about 5 microns to about 15 microns.
25. The method of claim 18 , wherein the light emitting or absorbing region comprises an n+ GaN layer, a quantum well region, and a p+ GaN layer.
26. The method of claim 18 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a width from about 15 microns to about 40 microns.
27. The method of claim 18 , wherein the tube or cylinder is rigid.
28. The method of claim 18 , wherein the illuminating element is substantially cylindrical.
29. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step of using comprises inserting the lighting apparatus into a fluorescent tube-type socket.
30. A method comprising:
an individual using a lighting apparatus, the lighting apparatus comprising a tube or cylinder, an illuminating element disposed within the tube or cylinder, at least one end cap coupled to at least one end of the tube or cylinder, the at least one end cap comprising one or more pins extending therefrom; and
wherein the illuminating element comprises: at least a trace amount of a first solvent; a cured or polymerized viscosity modifier; and a plurality of light emitting diodes having a width less than 50 microns, each light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising: a light emitting or absorbing region having a mesa, a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region; and a second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region.