Controlled-gradient, accelerated vapor-recompression apparatus and method
An accelerated vapor recompression apparatus 10 converts incoming flow 35 a to a concentrate 35 c by developing a concentration profile 146 within a tank 30 holding a liquid 23 containing dissolved solids. The resulting curve 160 of saturation temperature of the stratified liquid 23 (such as a brine 23 or other material 23 ) moves away from the curve 162 corresponding to fully mixed conditions. The shift 174, 180 in saturation temperature results in increased boiling without increased energy from a heater 70 or compressor 50 . A method 90, 200 of control of the system provides interventions 203, 204, 205, 206 at different levels 92, 94, 96, 98 of control, ranging from mass flows 35 to work of a compressor 50 , heat from a heater 70 , and a predictive processing 215 of feedback 217 for controlling commands 216 algorithmically.
1. A method of separating out a material contained in a liquid, the method comprising:
providing from a source, a liquid operating as a carrier containing a material targeted for separation from the liquid;
providing a circuit constituting a vapor re-compression cycle having a first region containing nucleate boiling and a second region containing vapor condensation;
introducing into the circuit the liquid;
establishing in the first region a concentration gradient of the material in the liquid;
controlling the nucleate boiling by manipulation of the concentration gradient.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
returning from the second region a condensate comprising the liquid containing less than a pre-determined concentration of the contaminant; and
returning from the first region a brine.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
returning from the circuit at least one of a condensate, a portion of the vapor, and a brine, wherein at least one thereof contains the material, and at least one other thereof is substantially devoid of the material.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing a feedstock constituted by at least one of a condensate separated from the material, a vapor separated from the material, a brine into which the material has been concentrated, and a solid comprising the material; and
providing the feedstock to a subsequent unit operation.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the feedstock provides at least one of
a precursor for a chemical reaction in the subsequent unit operation;
a fluid having independent economic value in a first market;
a constituent, derivable from the fluid, and having independent value in a second market;
the fluid reusable directly for recycling in a source process providing the carrier to the circuit;
an increased operational efficiency for a disposition process disposing of the feedstock;
reduction of environmental impact of the contaminant; and
improvement in a compliance process in satisfaction of at least one of a governmental regulation, industry standard, health standard, safety standard, and a contractual requirement.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
the subsequent unit operation is selected from synthesis of hydrochloric acid, synthesis of another acid, hydrolysis, electrolysis, an ion exchange operation; an osmotic separation process, a vaporization separation process, coagulation, other chemical separation process, centrifugation, filtration, sluicing, settling, flocculation, and another mechanical separation process, microwave separation, another microwave treatment, re-injection into a well, a geologic fracturing operation, blending with another material, reacting chemically with another material; and
the material comprises at least one of a dissolved solid, suspended solid, hydrocarbon, salt, heavy metal, other metal, volatile organic compound, other organic compound, oxide of nitrogen, other nitrogenous compound, alcohol, oxide of sulfur, other sulfurous compound, calcium compound, halide, other ion, acid, and base.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
providing modules for effecting the circuit;
providing a specification defining a system having a plurality of the modules, each module thereof implementing an instance of the circuit, and containing the circuit unit operations corresponding thereto;
sizing the system to match a source of the material; and
providing the plurality of modules, operating together as the system, the number of modules therein being selected based on an output from the source.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
providing modules for effecting the circuit;
providing a requirement, pre-determined and corresponding to a source of the material;
defining a system having a plurality of the modules, each module thereof having a type and implementing at least one function specified by the requirement;
selecting a value representing a number of modules of each type to be included in the system as selected components;
configuring the system by connecting the selected components.