Slurry dewatering and conversion of biosolids to a renewable fuel
In the processes for treating municipal sewage and storm water containing biosolids to discharge standards, biosolids, even after dewatering, contain typically about 80% water bound in the dead cells of the biosolids, which gives biosolids a negative heating value. It can be incinerated only at the expense of purchased fuel. Biosolids are heated to a temperature at which their cell structure is destroyed and, preferably, at which carbon dioxide is split off to lower the oxygen content of the biosolids. The resulting char is not hydrophilic, and it can be efficiently dewatered and/or dried and is a viable renewable fuel. This renewable fuel can be supplemented by also charging conventional biomass (yard and crop waste, etc.) in the same or in parallel facilities. Similarly, non-renewable hydrophilic fuels can be so processed in conjunction with the processing of biosolids to further augment the energy supply.
1. A process of converting biomass into a renewable fuel comprising the steps of:
providing biomass comprising at least about 10% water;
applying sufficient pressure to the biomass to maintain liquidity and form pressurized biomass;
heating the pressurized biomass to a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is sufficient to form an aqueous biomass char slurry, carbon dioxide, and free water;
depressurizing the biomass char slurry;
separating the carbon dioxide from the biomass char slurry;
removing at least a portion of the free water from the biomass char slurry to provide a dewatered biomass char product containing a decreased oxygen content; and
utilizing the dewatered biomass char product as a fertilizer.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises sewage sludge.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature is between about 200° C. and 345° C. (400° F. and 650° F.).
4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding an agent for dissolution of at least one polluting or slag-forming element present in the dewatered biomass char product.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the agent comprises an alkali.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the freed water is recycled to the adding step.
7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of cooling the aqueous biomass char slurry to a second temperature less than the first temperature.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second temperature is about 40° C. to 90° C. (100° F. to 200° F.).
9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of discharging the carbon dioxide through a flame of at least one of an oxidizer and a process heater.
10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of slurrying the biomass by performing at least one of the steps of grinding and adding at least one of fresh water, recycled water, steam, process water from an adjacent wastewater treatment plant and a combination thereof to form a pumpable slurry.
11. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of pretreating at least a portion of the free water to form pretreated water and recycling the pretreated water to an adjacent wastewater treatment plant.
12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of using a digester gas from an adjacent wastewater treatment plant as fuel for the heating step.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the removing step comprises mechanically dewatering the biomass char slurry to about 35% to 65% solids for use as the fertilizer.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dewatered biomass char product that is used as the fertilizer is undried.
15. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of subjecting the freed water from the removing step to digestion.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the biomass comprises about 3% to 40% solids.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the biomass comprises about 20% solids.
18. A process of converting biomass into a renewable fuel comprising the steps of:
providing biomass comprising at least about 10% water;
applying sufficient pressure to the biomass to maintain liquidity and form pressurized biomass;
heating the pressurized biomass to a first temperature, wherein the first temperature is sufficient to form an aqueous biomass char slurry, carbon dioxide, and free water;
depressurizing the biomass char slurry;
separating the carbon dioxide from the biomass char slurry;
removing at least a portion of the free water from the biomass char slurry to provide a dewatered biomass char product containing a decreased oxygen content; and
directing the dewatered biomass char product to a landfill.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein the removing step comprises mechanically dewatering the biomass char slurry to about 35% to 65% solids for use at the landfill.
20. The process of claim 18 , wherein the dewatered biomass char product that is directed to the landfill is undried.