N-phase phase and polarity encoded serial interface
System, methods and apparatus are described that facilitate transmission of data, particularly between two devices within an electronic apparatus. Information is transmitted in N-phase polarity encoded symbols. Data is encoded in multi-bit symbols, and the multi-bit symbols are transmitted on a plurality of connectors. The multi-bit symbols may be transmitted by mapping the symbols to a sequence of states of the plurality of connectors, and driving the connectors in accordance with the sequence of states. The timing of the sequence of states is determinable at a receiver at each transition between sequential states. The state of each connector may be defined by polarity and direction of rotation of a multi-phase signal transmitted on the each connector.
1. A method for data communications, comprising:
encoding data in multi-bit symbols; and
transmitting the multi-bit symbols on a plurality of connectors, wherein transmitting the multi-bit symbols includes
mapping the multi-bit symbols to a sequence of states of the plurality of connectors, and
driving the connectors in accordance with the sequence of states, wherein timing of the sequence of states is determinable at a receiver at each transition between sequential states,
wherein the state of each connector is defined by polarity and direction of rotation of a multi-phase signal transmitted on the each connector.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein for each state in the sequence of states, the multi-phase signal carried on each connector is phase-shifted with respect to the multi-phase signal carried on the other connectors.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the state of at least one of the plurality of connectors changes at each transition between the sequence of states.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of connectors include a plurality of wires, and wherein transmitting the multi-bit symbols on the plurality of connectors includes:
during a first of two sequential time intervals,
leaving a first wire undriven, and
providing a voltage differential between a second wire and a third wire; and
during a second of the two sequential time intervals,
leaving the second wire undriven and providing the voltage differential between the first wire and the third wire.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein during the second of the two sequential time intervals, transmitting the multi-bit symbols on the plurality of connectors includes:
reversing the polarity of the voltage differential.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
at least one of the plurality of wires is undriven during each of the sequential time intervals.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein at least one of a change of polarity of the voltage differential and a change of wire that is undriven occurs at each transition between the sequence of states.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes open-circuiting the one wire.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes causing the one wire to transition toward a voltage level that lies substantially halfway between voltage levels of a pair of driven wires.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein there is no significant current flow through an undriven wire.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector comprises one of two three-phase signals that have different phase rotation directions.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector is a three-phase signal.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the plurality of connectors includes three or more connectors.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises two groups of three connectors, and wherein different symbols are encoded on each group of three connectors.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises four or more connectors, and wherein each symbol is encoded for transmission using the four or more connectors.
16. An apparatus, comprising:
means for encoding data in multi-bit symbols; and
means for transmitting the multi-bit symbols on a plurality of connectors, configured to:
map the multi-bit symbols to a sequence of states of the plurality of connectors, and
drive the connectors in accordance with the sequence of states, wherein timing of the sequence of states is determinable at a receiver at each transition between sequential states,
wherein the state of each connector is defined by polarity and direction of rotation of a multi-phase signal transmitted on the each connector.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein for each state in the sequence of states, the multi-phase signal carried on each connector is phase-shifted with respect to the multi-phase signal carried on the other connectors.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the state of at least one of the plurality of connectors changes at each transition between the sequence of states.
19. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of connectors include a plurality of wires, and wherein the means for transmitting the multi-bit symbols on the plurality of connectors is configured to:
leave a first wire undriven and provide a voltage differential between a second wire and a third wire during a first of two sequential time intervals; and
leave the second wire undriven and provide the voltage differential between the first wire and the third wire during a second of the two sequential time intervals.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein during the second of the two sequential time intervals, the means for transmitting the multi-bit symbols on the plurality of connectors is configured to:
reverse the polarity of the voltage differential.
21. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein:
at least one of the plurality of wires is undriven during each of the sequential time intervals.
22. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein at least one of a change of polarity of the voltage differential and a change of wire that is undriven occurs at each transition between the sequence of states.
23. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes open-circuiting the one wire.
24. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes causing the one wire to transition toward a voltage level that lies substantially halfway between voltage levels of a pair of driven wires.
25. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein there is no significant current flow through an undriven wire.
26. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector comprises one of two three-phase signals that have different phase rotation directions.
27. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector is a three-phase signal.
28. The apparatus of claim 27 , wherein the plurality of connectors includes three or more connectors.
29. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises two groups of three connectors, and wherein different symbols are encoded on each group of three connectors.
30. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises four or more connectors, and wherein each symbol is encoded for transmission using the four or more connectors.
31. An apparatus that encodes data, comprising:
an encoder configured to encode data in multi-bit symbols; and
a mapper configured to map the multi-bit symbols to a sequence of states for transmitting on a plurality of connectors, and
one or more drivers configured to transmit the multi-bit symbols on the plurality of connectors, by driving the connectors in accordance with the sequence of states,
wherein timing of the sequence of states is determinable at a receiver at each transition between sequential states, and
wherein the state of each connector is defined by polarity and direction of rotation of a multi-phase signal transmitted on the each connector.
32. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein for each state in the sequence of states, the multi-phase signal carried on each connector is phase-shifted with respect to the multi-phase signal carried on the other connectors.
33. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the state of at least one of the plurality of connectors changes at each transition between the sequence of states.
34. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the plurality of connectors include a plurality of wires, and wherein the multi-bit symbols are transmitted on the plurality of connectors by:
leaving a first wire undriven and providing a voltage differential between a second wire and a third wire during a first of two sequential time intervals; and
leaving the second wire and providing the voltage differential between the first wire and the third wire during a second of the two sequential time intervals.
35. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein during the second of the two sequential time intervals, the multi-bit symbols are transmitted by reversing the polarity of the voltage differential.
36. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein:
at least one of the plurality of wires is undriven during each of the sequential time intervals.
37. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein at least one of a change of polarity of the voltage differential and a change of wire that is undriven occurs at each transition between the sequence of states.
38. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes open-circuiting the one wire.
39. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes causing the one wire to transition toward a voltage level that lies substantially halfway between voltage levels of a pair of driven wires.
40. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein there is no significant current flow through an undriven wire.
41. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector comprises one of two three-phase signals that have different phase rotation directions.
42. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector is a three-phase signal.
43. The apparatus of claim 42 , wherein the plurality of connectors includes three or more connectors.
44. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises two groups of three connectors, and wherein different symbols are encoded on each group of three connectors.
45. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises four or more connectors, and wherein each symbol is encoded for transmission using the four or more connectors.
46. A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon for encoding data, which when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to:
encode data in multi-bit symbols; and
transmit the multi-bit symbols on a plurality of connectors, wherein the multi-bit symbols are transmitted by:
mapping the multi-bit symbols to a sequence of states of the plurality of connectors, and
driving the connectors in accordance with the sequence of states, wherein timing of the sequence of states is determinable at a receiver at each transition between sequential states,
wherein the state of each connector is defined by polarity and direction of rotation of a multi-phase signal transmitted on the each connector.
47. The storage medium of claim 46 , wherein for each state in the sequence of states, the multi-phase signal carried on each connector is phase-shifted with respect to the multi-phase signal carried on the other connectors.
48. The storage medium of claim 46 , wherein the state of at least one of the plurality of connectors changes at each transition between the sequence of states.
49. The storage medium of claim 46 , wherein the plurality of connectors include a plurality of wires, and wherein the multi-bit symbols are transmitted on the plurality of connectors by:
leaving a first wire undriven and providing a voltage differential between a second wire and a third wire during a first of two sequential time intervals; and
leaving the second wire undriven and providing the voltage differential between the first wire and the third wire during a second of the two sequential time intervals.
50. The storage medium of claim 49 , wherein during the second of the two sequential time intervals, the multi-bit symbols are transmitted by reversing the polarity of the voltage differential.
51. The storage medium of claim 49 , wherein:
at least one of the plurality of wires is left undriven during each of the sequential time intervals.
52. The storage medium of claim 49 , wherein at least one of a change of polarity of the voltage differential and a change of wire that is undriven occurs at each transition between the sequence of states.
53. The storage medium of claim 49 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes open-circuiting the one wire.
54. The storage medium of claim 49 , wherein leaving one of the plurality of wires undriven includes causing the one wire to transition toward a voltage level that lies substantially halfway between voltage levels of a pair of driven wires.
55. The storage medium of claim 49 , wherein there is no significant current flow through an undriven wire.
56. The storage medium of claim 46 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector comprises one of two three-phase signals that have different phase rotation directions.
57. The storage medium of claim 46 , wherein the multi-phase signal transmitted on each connector is a three-phase signal.
58. The storage medium of claim 57 , wherein the plurality of connectors includes three or more connectors.
59. The storage medium of claim 46 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises two groups of three connectors, and wherein different symbols are encoded on each group of three connectors.
60. The storage medium of claim 46 , wherein the plurality of connectors comprises four or more connectors, and wherein each symbol is encoded for transmission using the four or more connectors.