Electrophotographic photosensitive member, production method for electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus, and particle having compound adsorbed thereto
Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing particles which include: silica particles; and a compound-A adsorbed to each of the silica particles, in which the silica particles have a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 4 μm or less, and a specific surface area of 400 m 2 /g or more and 1000 m 2 /g or less, the compound-A is a tertiary amine compound and/or a urea compound, and the compound-A has a molecular weight of 150 or more and 550 or less.
1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising:
an electrically conductive support; and
a photosensitive layer formed on the support;
wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises particles which comprise:
silica particles; and
a compound-A adsorbed to each of the silica particles,
the silica particles have a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 4 μm or less, and a specific surface area of 400 m 2 /g or more and 1000 m 2 /g or less,
the compound-A is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine compound and a urea compound, and
the compound-A has a molecular weight of 150 or more and 550 or less.
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the compound-A is a tertiary amine compound having a molecular weight of 150 or more and 550 or less.
3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the tertiary amine compound is a compound represented by the following structural formula (1):
in the structural formula (1), R 1 to R 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a monovalent group represented by the following structural formula (2) or (3):
in the structural formulae (2) and (3), R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 6 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, or a divalent group produced by combining the substituted or substituted alkylene group and the substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.
4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the compound-A is a urea compound having a molecular weight of 150 or more and 550 or less.
5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the urea compound is a compound represented by the following structural formula (4):
in the structural formula (4), R 11 and R 12 each independently represent an alkyl group, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the urea compound is a compound represented by the following structural formula (5):
in the structural formula (5), R 13 to R 16 each independently represent an alkyl group, Ar 3 and Ar 4 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and Ar 5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.
7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 6 , wherein the Ar 3 and the Ar 4 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, the Ar 5 represents a phenylene group, and the R 13 to the R 16 each represent a methyl group.
8. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have a specific surface area of 550 m 2 /g or more and 1000 m 2 /g or less.
9. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the silica particles have pores and an average pore diameter of 5 nm or less.
10. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the compound-A is adsorbed to each of the silica particles in an amount of 10% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the particles which include the silica particles and the compound-A adsorbed to each of the silica particles.
11. A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein the process cartridge integrally supports: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 ; and at least one device selected from the group consisting of a charging device, a developing device, a transferring device, and a cleaning device.
12. An electrophotographic apparatus, comprising: the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 ; a charging device; an image exposing device; a developing device; and a transferring device.
13. A particle comprising:
a silica particle; and
a compound-A adsorbed to the silica particle, wherein
the silica particle has a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 4 μm or less, and a specific surface area of 400 m 2 /g or more and 1000 m 2 /g or less,
the compound-A is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine compound represented by the following formula (1) and a urea compound,
in the structural formula (1), R 1 to R 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a monovalent group represented by the following structural formula (2) or (3):
in the structural formulae (2) and (3), R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a substituted or unsbustituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R 6 represents a substituted or unsusbstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unssubstituted arylene group, or a divalent group produced by combining the substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group and the substituted or unsubstituted arylene group,
wherein the substituted alkyl group has an alkoxy group, a halogen group, or an aryl group as a substitutent, and substituted aryl group has an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylamino group, or a halogen group as a substitutent, and
the compound-A has a molecular weight of 150 or more and 550 or less.
14. A production method for an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an electrically conductive support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support,
the production method comprising:
obtaining particles which include silica particles and a compound-A adsorbed to each of the silica particles by mixing the silica particles and the compound-A in asolvent followed by milling;
preparing a surface-layer coating liquid containing the particles which include the silica particles and the compound-A adsorbed to each of the silica particles;
forming a coat of the surface-layer coating liquid; and
forming a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member by drying the coat, wherein
the silica particles have a volume average particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more and 4 μm or less, and a specific surface area of 400 m 2 /g or more and 1000 m 2 /g or less,
the compound-A is at least one selected from the group consisting of a tertiary amine compound and a urea compound, and
the compound-A has a molecular weight of 150 or more and 550 or less.
15. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3 , wherein the substituted alkyl group has an alkoxy group, a halogen group, or an aryl group as a substitutent, and the substituted aryl group has an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylamino group, or a halogen group as a substituent.