Antimicrobial adhesive films
A multi-layer film for reducing microbial contamination on a surface. The multi-layer film can include a core layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, an adhesive layer disposed adjacent the first surface of the core layer, and an antimicrobial layer disposed adjacent the second surface. The antimicrobial layer can include a cross-linked matrix and an antimicrobial agent dispersed within the cross-linked matrix, where the cross-linked matrix is derived from a polymerizable precursor comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a polymerizable monomer, a polymerizable polymer having a molecular weight of about 1,000 or less, and combinations thereof.
1. A multi-layer film for reducing microbial contamination on a surface, the multi-layer film comprising:
a thermoplastic core layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;
an adhesive layer disposed adjacent the first surface of the core layer; and
an antimicrobial hardcoat layer disposed adjacent the second surface, the antimicrobial hardcoat layer comprising an antimicrobial agent chemically bound to a cross-linked matrix, and inorganic particles chemically bound to the cross-linked matrix,
wherein the cross-linked matrix is derived from a polymerizable precursor comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a polymerizable monomer, a polymerizable polymer having a molecular weight of about 1,000 or less, and combinations thereof; from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of a reactive antimicrobial agent; and reactive inorganic particles,
wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes at least one of a dimethylalkylammoniumethylacrylate halide and a dimethylalkylammoniumethylmethacrylate halide, wherein the alkyl group has from 14 to 16 carbons.
2. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent chemically bound to the cross-linked matrix is a first antimicrobial agent, and further comprising a second antimicrobial agent dispersed within the cross-linked matrix.
3. The multi-layer film of claim 2 , wherein the second antimicrobial agent comprises a quaternary amine-functionalized compound.
4. The multi-layer film of claim 2 , wherein the second antimicrobial agent comprises a silver-containing compound.
5. The multi-layer film of claim 2 , wherein the second antimicrobial agent comprises a fatty acid monoester or a fatty acid monoether.
6. The multi-layer film of claim 2 , wherein the second antimicrobial agent constitutes about 1% by weight to about 20% by weight of the antimicrobial layer.
7. The multi-layer film of claim 2 , wherein the second antimicrobial agent constitutes about 4% by weight to about 10% by weight of the antimicrobial layer.
8. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial layer exhibits a microbial load reduction of at least about 99% for either gram positive or gram negative pathogens, when tested pursuant to ASTM E2180-01.
9. The multi-layer film of claim 2 , wherein the antimicrobial layer exhibits a microbial load reduction of at least about 99% for both gram positive and gram negative pathogens, when tested pursuant to ASTM E2180-01.
10. The multi-layer film of claim 2 , wherein the material of the polymerizable precursor comprises a multi-functional acrylate.
11. The multi-layer film of claim 10 , wherein the multi-functional acrylate is cross-linkable upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
12. The multi-layer film of claim 10 , wherein the reactive inorganic particles comprise acrylate-treated inorganic particles.
13. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive layer includes at least one of a removable adhesive, a repositionable adhesive, and an electrostatic charge.
14. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive layer includes an antimicrobial.
15. A stack comprising a plurality of the multi-layer film of claim 1 , the plurality of multi-layer films arranged such that the adhesive layer of a first multi-layer film is positioned adjacent the antimicrobial layer of a second multi-layer film.
16. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the material of the polymerizable precursor comprises a multi-functional acrylate.
17. The multi-layer film of claim 16 , wherein the reactive inorganic particles comprise acrylate-treated inorganic particles.
18. A method of making a hardcoat multi-layer film for reducing microbial contamination on a surface, the method comprising:
laminating an adhesive layer adjacent a first surface of a thermoplastic core layer;
coating an antimicrobial layer adjacent a second surface of the core layer, the second surface being opposite of the first surface, wherein the antimicrobial layer comprises from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt % of a reactive antimicrobial agent, reactive inorganic particles, and a polymerizable precursor comprising a material selected from the group consisting of a polymerizable monomer, a polymerizable polymer having a molecular weight of about 1,000 or less, and combinations thereof, wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes at least one of a dimethylalkylammoniumethylacrylate halide and a dimethylalkylammoniumethylmethacrylate halide, wherein the alkyl group has from 14 to 16 carbons; and
polymerizing the polymerizable precursor, the reactive antimicrobial agent, and the reactive inorganic particles to form an antimicrobial hardcoat layer comprising a cross-linked matrix, wherein the antimicrobial agent is chemically bound to the cross-linked matrix, and the inorganic particles are chemically bound to the cross-linked matrix.
19. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable precursor includes multi-functional radiation curable moieties.
20. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the reactive inorganic particles include acrylate-treated silica particles.
21. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes monomers having the formula:
wherein n ranges from 14 to 16.
22. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes at least one of a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylacrylate halide and a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylmethacrylate halide.
23. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable precursor includes a multifunctional polymerizable precursor that includes three or four radiation curable moieties.
24. The multi-layer film of claim 1 , wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes at least one of a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylacrylate bromide and a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylmethacrylate bromide.
25. The method of claim 18 , wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes monomers having the formula:
wherein n ranges from 14 to 16.
26. The method of claim 18 , wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes at least one of a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylacrylate halide and a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylmethacrylate halide.
27. The method of claim 18 , wherein the reactive antimicrobial agent includes at least one of a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylacrylate bromide and a dimethylhexadecylammoniumethylmethacrylate bromide.
28. The method of claim 18 , wherein the polymerizable precursor includes a multifunctional polymerizable precursor that includes three or four radiation curable moieties.
29. The method of claim 18 , wherein the reactive inorganic particles include acrylate-treated silica particles.