Expandable pelletized materials based on polyester
An expandable pelletized material comprising A) a polymer matrix composed of A1) at least 55% by weight of polyester (based on the entirety of components A1) and A2)) with a total enthalpy of fusion of up to 60 J/g, optionally of one or more melting points in the range from 100 to 300° C. and of one or more glass transition temperatures in the range from 0 to 250° C., and A2) from 0 to 45% by weight (based on the entirety of components A1) and A2)) of one or more thermoplastic polymers different from component A1); B) a physical blowing agent component, and C) optionally further additives is suitable for producing moldable foams for use in the automobile industry, airline industry, construction industry, packaging industry, sports and leisure industry, in transport, in engineering, in lightweight construction, and/or in composite construction.
1. An expandable pelletized material having isotropic mechanical properties comprising
A) a polymer matrix composed of
A1) at least 55% by weight of polyester (based on the entirety of components A1) and A2)) based on aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and on aliphatic or aromatic dihydroxy compounds and with a total enthalpy of fusion of up to 60 J/g, optionally of one or more melting points in the range from 100 to 300° C. and of one or more glass transition temperatures in the range from 0 to 250° C., and a mixture made of (a) 60 wt.-% to 95 wt.-% of one or more bisphenol A polycarbonates (PC) and (b) one or more polycarboxylic esters selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and copolyesters thereof, and/or transesterification products of said mixture and
A2) from 0 to 45% by weight (based on the entirety of components A1) and A2)) of one or more thermoplastic polymers different from component A1);
B) a physical blowing agent component, and
C) optionally further additives,
wherein the bulk density of the expandable pelletized material is from 500 to 900 g/l and wherein the bulk density of the expandable pelletized material can exceed 900 g/l when the material comprises further additives C) as fillers and
wherein the expandable pelletized material has isotropic mechanical properties.
2. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , wherein the glass transition temperature is in the range from 25 to 170° C.
3. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , where the total enthalpy of fusion is in the range from 1.5 to 7.5 J/g.
4. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 3 wherein the melting point is in the range from 30 to 290° C.
5. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix A) consists of polyester component A1).
6. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix A) comprises, based on the entirety of components A1) and A2), from 0.1 to 20% by weight of one or more thermoplastic polymers A2).
7. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 6 comprising, as component A2), one or more styrene polymers and/or blends of these with one or more polyphenylene ethers.
8. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture has been selected from PC/PET, PC/PBT, and transesterification products thereof.
9. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 comprising, as blowing agent component B), one or more physical blowing agents selected from aliphatic hydrocarbons having from 2 to 7 carbon atoms, alcohols, ethers, carbonyl compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, and CO 2 .
10. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , comprising, based on the entirety of components A) and B), from 0.1 to 10% by weight of one or more organic physical blowing agents.
11. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 comprising, as additives C), from 0.1 to 40% by weight (based on the entirety of components A1), B), and C)), of one or more compounds from the group of the stabilizers, oxidation retarders, agents to counteract decomposition by heat and decomposition by ultraviolet light, lubricants and mold-release agents, dyes, pigments, nucleating agents, plasticizers, flame retardants, and fillers.
12. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , comprising one or more flame retardants selected from the group consisting of triphenyl phosphate and aluminum diethylphosphinate.
13. A process for producing the expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 comprising the following steps:
a) providing the polyester A1) and optionally of polymer component A2) in a molten state,
b) mixing to incorporate physical blowing agent component B) and optionally one or more additives C) into the melt,
c) extrusion, and
d) underwater pelletization of the melt containing blowing agent.
14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the underwater pelletization (d) of the melt containing blowing agent is carried out at elevated pressure.
15. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , obtainable via
a) providing a mixture made of one or more polycarbonates selected from bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC), one or more polycarboxylic esters selected from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and copolyesters thereof, and/or provision of transesterification products of said mixture,
b) mixing to incorporate physical blowing agent component B) and optionally one or more additives C) into the melt,
c) extrusion, and
d) underwater pelletization of the melt containing blowing agent.
16. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 15 , wherein the underwater pelletization (d) of the melt containing blowing agent is carried out at elevated pressure.
17. The expandable pelletized material according to claim 1 , wherein the bulk density of the expandable pelletized material is from 500 to 900 g/l.