High titer recombinant influenza viruses for vaccines
The invention provides a composition useful to prepare high titer influenza viruses, e.g., in the absence of helper virus, which includes at least five internal genes from an influenza virus isolate that replicates to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs or MDCK cells.
1. A plurality of influenza virus vectors for a reassortant, comprising
a) a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the vectors for the reassortant include cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NA with sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5 and a polypeptide having at least 90% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, and a cDNA for HA that is from a different influenza virus strain than a strain having gene segments with sequences corresponding to the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, and NA having SEQ ID Nos. 1-6 and 8, and wherein the cDNA for PB2 has a Tyr at residue 360; and
b) a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PA, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB1, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB2, and a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NP, and optionally a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus HA, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NA, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus Ml, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M2, or a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NS2, which plurality of vectors, when introduced to an avian or mammalian cell, result in production of the reassortant which is capable of enhanced replication in embryonated eggs and MDCK cells relative to a corresponding influenza virus that does not have a NA with sequences that encode polypeptide having at least 90% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8 or does not have a NS with a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in SEQ ID NO:38 or a PB2 with a Tyr residue at position 360.
2. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the cDNA for NS encodes a polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:38.
3. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the promoter is a RNA polymerase I promoter, a RNA polymerase II promoter, a RNA polymerase III promoter, a T3 promoter or a T7 promoter.
4. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the HA is a type A HA.
5. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 wherein the HA is a type B HA.
6. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the NA is N1.
7. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the HA is H5.
8. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the vectors of a) comprise a RNA polymerase I promoter or a RNA polymerase II promoter.
9. The plurality of vectors of claim 8 , wherein the RNA polymerase I promoter is a human RNA polymerase I promoter.
10. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein all of the vectors of b) comprise a RNA polymerase II promoter.
11. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein each vector of a) is on a separate plasmid.
12. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein each vector of b) is on a separate plasmid.
13. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the each of the vectors of b) further comprise a RNA transcription termination sequence.
14. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the HA is a chimeric HA.
15. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the cDNA for HA does not encode a polypeptide corresponding to the polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:7.
16. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the NA comprises a stalk region that is greater than 20 amino acids in length.
17. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the HA is an avirulent H5 HA.
18. A method to prepare influenza virus, comprising: contacting a cell with a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB1 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus PB2 cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus HA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NP cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NA cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus M cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, and a vector for vRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to an influenza virus NS cDNA linked to a transcription termination sequence, wherein the vectors for the 6:1:1reassortant include cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NA with sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5 and a polypeptide having at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide having SEQ ID NO:8, a cDNA for NS that has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in SEQ ID NO:38 and encodes a polypeptide having at least 97% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, and a cDNA for HA that is from a different influenza virus strain than a strain having gene segments with sequences corresponding to the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, NS, and NA having SEQ ID Nos. 1-6 and 8, and wherein the cDNA for PB2 has a Tyr at residue 360 ; and a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PA, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB1, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus PB2, and a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NP, and optionally a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus HA, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NA, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus Ml, a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus M2, or a vector for mRNA production comprising a promoter operably linked to a DNA segment encoding influenza virus NS2;
in an amount effective to yield infectious influenza virus, wherein the infectious influenza virus has enhanced replication in embryonated eggs and MDCK cells relative to a corresponding influenza virus that does not have a NA with sequences that encode a polypeptide having at least 90% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8 or does not have a NS with a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in SEQ ID NO:38 or a PB2 with a Tyr residue at position 360.
19. The method of claim 18 further comprising isolating the virus.
20. Virus obtained by the method of claim 19 .
21. An isolated recombinant influenza virus comprising a viral segment for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NA that has sequences for a polypeptide having at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5 and at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:8, a viral segment for NS with a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in SEQ ID NO:38 and at least 95% amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NO:6, and a viral segment for a heterologous HA, wherein the PB2 has a Tyr residue at position 360.
22. The isolated recombinant virus of claim 21 , wherein the influenza virus that replicates to high titers is PR8HG.
23. The isolated recombinant influenza virus of claim 21 , wherein the viral segment for HA is for H5.
24. An inactivated influenza virus vaccine comprising the isolated recombinant virus of claim 21 .
25. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M encode a polypeptide having at least 99% contiguous amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5.
26. The isolated virus of claim 21 , wherein the viral segments for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M have sequences for a polypeptide having at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5.
27. An isolated recombinant influenza virus comprising a viral segment for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, M, and NS that has sequences for a polypeptide having at least 99% amino acid sequence identity to a corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-6, a viral segment for a heterologous HA, and a viral segment for NA, wherein the viral segment for NS encodes a NS1 protein has a Glu residue at position 55 corresponding to position 55 in SEQ ID NO:38, and wherein the viral segment for PB2 encodes a PB2 with a Tyr residue at position 360.
28. The recombinant virus of claim 27 , wherein the PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and/or M have one or two substitutions relative to the corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5.
29. The recombinant virus of claim 27 , wherein the NA is N1.
30. The recombinant virus of claim 27 , wherein the PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M are encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5.
31. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and/or M encode a polypeptide having one or two substitutions relative to the corresponding polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5.
32. The plurality of vectors of claim 1 , wherein the cDNAs for PB1, PB2, PA, NP, and M encode a polypeptide encoded by SEQ ID NOs:1-5.