Lipid biomarkers for stable and unstable heart disease
The present invention relates generally to the field of diagnostic and prognostic assays for heart disease. More particular, the present invention provides an assay for diagnosing the presence or extent of development of heart disease or its classification or state thereof. The assay of the present invention is also useful in the stratification of a subject with respect to a risk of developing heart disease. The assay of the present invention is also capable of integration into pathology architecture to provide a diagnostic and reporting system.
1. A method of treatment or prophylaxis of a subject suspected of being vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture, the method comprising:
a) determining the levels of a lipid analyte in a lipid sample from the subject, wherein the lipid analyte is selected from the group consisting of alkylphosphatidylcholine (APC) 32:1, APC 32:0, APC 34:2, APC 34:1, APC 34:0, APC 36:5, APC 36:4, APC 36:3, APC 36:2, APC 36:1, APC 36:0, APC 38:6, APC 38:5, APC 38:4, APC 38:3and APC 38:2; wherein the level of the individual lipid analytes is different between vulnerable subjects and non-vulnerable subjects and wherein the level of the lipid analytes in the subject relative to a control identifies the subject as being vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture; and
b) providing therapeutic and/or behavioral modification to the subject based on whether the subject is determined to be vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing the level of at least two of said lipid analytes in the sample to the respective levels of the same lipid analytes in at least one control sample selected from a first control sample from a subject that is vulnerable to plaque rupture and a second control sample from a subject that is non-vulnerable to plaque rupture, wherein a similarity in the respective levels of the at least two lipid analytes between the sample and the second control sample identifies the subject as being non-vulnerable to plaque rupture, and wherein a similarity in the respective levels of the at least two lipid analytes between the sample and the first control sample identifies the subject as being vulnerable to plaque rupture.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising comparing the level of the at least two lipid analytes in the sample to the respective levels of the same lipid analytes in at least one sample from a healthy subject, wherein a similarity in the respective levels of the at least two lipid analytes between the sample and the sample(s) from the healthy subject identifies the subject as being healthy with respect to vulnerability to plaque rupture.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining or determining and comparing the levels of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 further lipid analytes listed in Table 1 wherein the level of an individual lipid analyte listed in Table 1 is different between subjects that are vulnerable to plaque rupture and subjects that are non-vulnerable to plaque rupture.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the levels of lipid analytes are used in combination with one or more traditional risk factors selected from age, sex, smoker, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CAD) family history, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) to thereby identify the subject as being vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture.
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising a step of obtaining the lipid sample from the subject prior to step a).
7. A method of treatment or prophylaxis of a subject suspected of being vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture, the method comprising:
providing therapeutic and/or behavioral modification to the subject based on whether the subject has been stratified as vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture, wherein the subject has been stratified as vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture prior to providing the therapeutic and/or behavioral modification by an assay comprising determining the levels of a lipid analyte in a lipid sample from the subject, wherein the lipid analyte is selected from the group consisting of alkylphosphatidylcholine (APC) 32:1, APC 32:0, APC 34:2, APC 34:1, APC 34:0, APC 36:5, APC 36:4, APC 36:3, APC 36:2, APC 36:1, APC 36:0, APC 38:6, APC 38:5, APC 38:4, APC 38:3and APC 38:2; wherein the level of the individual lipid analytes is different between vulnerable subjects and non-vulnerable subjects and wherein the level of the lipid analytes in the subject relative to a control identifies the subject as being vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the assay further comprises comparing the level of at least two of said lipid analytes in the sample to the respective levels of the same lipid analytes in at least one control sample selected from a first control sample from a subject that is vulnerable to plaque rupture and a second control sample from a subject that is non-vulnerable to plaque rupture, wherein a similarity in the respective levels of the at least two lipid analytes between the sample and the second control sample identifies the subject as being non-vulnerable to plaque rupture, and wherein a similarity in the respective levels of the at least two lipid analytes between the sample and the first control sample identifies the subject as being vulnerable to plaque rupture.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the assay further comprises comparing the level of the at least two lipid analytes in the sample to the respective levels of the same lipid analytes in at least one sample from a healthy subject, wherein a similarity in the respective levels of the at least two lipid analytes between the sample and the sample(s) from the healthy subject identifies the subject as being healthy with respect to vulnerability to plaque rupture.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the assay further comprises determining or determining and comparing the levels of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 further lipid analytes listed in Table 1 wherein the level of an individual lipid analyte listed in Table 1 is different between subjects that are vulnerable to plaque rupture and subjects that are non-vulnerable to plaque rupture.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the levels of lipid analytes are used in combination with one or more traditional risk factors selected from age, sex, smoker, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease (CAD) family history, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, glucose and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) to thereby identify the subject as being vulnerable or non-vulnerable to plaque rupture.