Stimulated emission luminescent light-guide solar concentrators

1. A solar concentrator comprising:

a light-transmissive sheet including:

a plurality of luminescent particles capable of becoming excited by absorbing solar light within at least a first spectrum of absorption frequencies and, once excited, capable of being stimulated to emit light having a spectrum within at least a first spectrum of emission frequencies;

a first light-guide; and

at least one focus;

at least one light source disposed substantially at at least one of the at least one focus for generating a pump light having a spectrum, a portion of which is within at least the first spectrum of emission frequencies, for stimulating at least one of the excited luminescent particles having absorbed solar light within the first spectrum of absorption frequencies such that when the pump light traveling in a first direction of travel stimulates the excited luminescent particles, the excited luminescent particles emit emitted light having a spectrum within the first spectrum of emission frequencies in the first direction of travel of the pump light; and

a first reflector at an edge of the light-transmissive sheet so as to reflect the emitted light and the pump light toward a light collection area, the light collection area located substantially at one of the at least one focus; and

the first light-guide for assisting in guiding the emitted light and the pump light via total internal reflection; and

the emitted light and the pump light being concentrated and converging, at least in part within the first light-guide, toward the light collection area.

2. A method of concentrating solar light, comprising:

(i) exposing at least one light-transmissive sheet having a plurality of luminescent particles, at least one light-guide and at least one focus, to solar light causing the luminescent particles to become excited by absorbing solar light within at least a first spectrum of absorption frequencies, the excited luminescent particles capable of being stimulated to emit emitted light having a spectrum within at least a first spectrum of emission frequencies;

(ii) stimulating the excited luminescent particles via pump light of at least one frequency within at least the first spectrum of emission frequencies traveling in a first direction, to cause the excited luminescent particles to emit emitted light having a spectrum within the first spectrum of emission frequencies in the first direction of travel of the pump light, the pump light emanating substantially from at least one of the at least one focus,

(iii) concentrating and converging the emitted light and the pump light via total internal reflection, at least in part in the at least one light-guide, toward a light collection area located substantially at least one of the at least one focus.

3. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first spectrum of absorption frequencies and the first spectrum of emission frequencies include at least one frequency that is not present in the other.

4. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the light-transmissive sheet is generally of a shape selected from a group consisting of a circular disk, an elliptical disk, a section of an elliptical disk and a plurality of sections of elliptical disks forming a reflecting edge of many reflecting facets, and

if the shape is a circular disk, the circular disk has one focus, and the light source and the light collection area are substantially at the focus;

if the shape is an elliptical disk, the elliptical disk has two foci, and the light source is at one of the foci and the light collection area is at the other of the foci;

if the shape is a section of an elliptical disk, the section of the elliptical disk has two foci on an edge thereof, and the light source is at one of the foci and the light collection area is at the other of the foci; and

if the shape is a plurality of sections of elliptical disks, each of the plurality of sections of elliptical disks has two foci in common with each of the others of the plurality of sections of elliptical disks, and the light source is at one of the common foci and the light collection area is at the other of the common foci.

5. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising at least one secondary optic adjacent at least one of the light collection area and the at least one light source.

6. The solar concentrator of claim 5 , wherein the at least one secondary optic is made of a different material than adjacent materials.

7. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising a second light guide optically coupled to the light-transmissive sheet, the second light-guide for guiding at least light received from the light-transmissive sheet to the light collection area; the light-transmissive sheet and the second light-guide being stacked one upon the other and separated from one another by a first material having a lower index of refraction than that of both the light-transmissive sheet and the second light-guide; and a macroscopic direction of travel of light within the light-transmissive sheet and a macroscopic direction of travel of light within the second light-guide being generally opposite one another.

8. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the light-transmissive sheet comprises a transparent substrate and the luminescent particles are a luminescent dye impregnated in the substrate.

9. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , the luminescent particles being within a luminescent layer adjacent to and optically coupled with the first light-guide.

10. A solar energy collector comprising a solar concentrator of claim 1 , and at least one photovoltaic cell disposed at the light collection area of the concentrator.

11. The solar energy collector of claim 10 , wherein the at least one light source and the at least one photovoltaic cell are disposed on a single circuit board.

12. The solar energy collector of claim 10 , wherein the at least one light source is powered by energy from the at least one photovoltaic cell.

13. A solar energy collector comprising:

at least two solar concentrators of claim 1 , each concentrator being adjacent to and optically coupled with the other concentrators, the luminescent particles of each of the concentrators being capable of becoming excited by absorbing solar light within a spectrum of absorption that includes, at least in part, different frequencies from the other concentrators and being capable of being stimulated to emit light of at least one frequency within a spectrum of emission frequencies that is, at least in part, different from the other concentrators; and

at least one photovoltaic cell disposed at each of the light collection areas of the concentrators.

14. The solar energy collector of claim 13 , wherein at least two of the light-transmissive sheets of the solar concentrators are separated from one another by a second material having a lower index of refraction than that of the at least two light-transmissive sheets.

15. A solar energy collector assembly comprising a plurality of solar concentrators of claim 1 ; at least two light sources of the concentrators being in optical communication with a central light source such that the at least two light sources emit pump light generated by the central light source.

16. The solar concentrator of claim 1 wherein the first reflector is a mirror.