Multi-element cavity-coupled antenna
An antenna ( 10 ) suitable for receiving circularly polarized RF signals from a satellite is integrated with a window ( 12 ) of a vehicle ( 14 ), such as a roof window ( 12 ). The antenna ( 10 ) includes a patch element ( 18 ) disposed adjacent to the window ( 12 ). Radiating strips ( 26 ) forming at least one dipole pair are disposed below the patch element ( 18 ) and connectable to a transmission line. A coupling element ( 20 ) surrounds the radiating strips ( 26 ) and a dielectric layer ( 38 ) is sandwiched between the patch element ( 18 ) and the radiating strips ( 26 ). A ground plane ( 36 ) is also disposed below the radiating strip ( 26 ). A conductive casing ( 46 ) perpendicularly surrounds the antenna ( 10 ) elements while electrically connecting the ground plane ( 36 ) to the coupling element ( 20 ) such that the radiating strips ( 26 ) are generally disposed within a cavity ( 24 ).
1. An antenna ( 10 ) comprising:
a patch element ( 18 ) formed of conductive material;
a coupling element ( 20 ) formed of conductive material and having an interior edge ( 22 ) defining a cavity ( 24 ), said coupling element ( 20 ) disposed non-planar with and generally parallel to said patch element ( 18 );
a plurality of radiating strips ( 26 ) formed of conductive material and arranged as at least two dipole pairs in a crossed-dipole pattern and disposed non-planar with and generally parallel to said patch element ( 18 );
said interior edge ( 22 ) of said coupling element ( 20 ) is disposed around said radiating strips ( 26 ) such that an entirety of said radiating strips ( 26 ) is disposed within said interior edge ( 22 );
a plurality of feed elements ( 34 ) being in direct electrical connection with said radiating strips ( 26 ), and having no direct electrical connection with said patch element ( 18 ) such that said patch element ( 18 ) operates passively;
a first dielectric layer ( 38 ) formed of a non-conductive material and defining a first surface disposed adjacent said patch element ( 18 ) and an opposing second surface disposed adjacent to both said coupling element ( 20 ) and said radiating strips ( 26 ) such that said first dielectric layer ( 38 ) is sandwiched between said patch element ( 18 ) and both of said coupling element ( 20 ) and said radiating strips ( 26 ), said first dielectric layer ( 38 ) defining a peripheral side ( 42 ) connecting said first and second surfaces; and
a conductive casing ( 46 ) formed of a conductive material and disposed on said peripheral side ( 42 ) of said first dielectric layer ( 38 ).
2. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein said plurality of radiating strips ( 26 ) is further defined as four radiating strips ( 26 ).
3. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 further comprising a ground plane ( 36 ) formed of a conductive material and disposed non-planar to and generally parallel with said radiating strips ( 26 ) and opposite said patch element ( 18 ).
4. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 3 further comprising a second dielectric layer ( 40 ) formed of a non-conductive material and sandwiched between said radiating strips ( 26 ) and said ground plane ( 36 ).
5. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 4 wherein said second dielectric layer ( 40 ) defines a third surface disposed adjacent said radiating strips ( 26 ) and an opposing fourth surface disposed adjacent said ground plane ( 36 ) and a peripheral side ( 44 ) connecting said third and fourth surfaces and with a conductive casing ( 46 ) being disposed on said peripheral side ( 44 ) of said second dielectric layer ( 40 ).
6. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 5 wherein said conductive casing ( 46 ) is electrically connected to said coupling element ( 20 ).
7. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 5 wherein said conductive casing ( 46 ) is electrically connected to said ground plane ( 46 ) and said coupling element ( 20 ).
8. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein each radiating strip ( 26 ) includes a proximal end ( 27 ) and a distal end ( 28 ) with said proximal ends ( 27 ) disposed adjacent a common point ( 30 ).
9. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 8 wherein an axis ( 32 ) extends through said common point ( 30 ) and wherein said patch element ( 18 ), said coupling element ( 20 ), and said radiating strips ( 26 ) are generally symmetric about said axis ( 32 ).
10. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein said radiating strips ( 26 ) are generally co-planar with said coupling element ( 20 ).
11. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein said patch element ( 18 ) defines a generally circular shape.
12. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein said interior edge ( 22 ) of said coupling element ( 20 ) defines a rectangular shape.
13. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein the interior edge ( 22 ) of the coupling element ( 20 ) is continuous around the radiating strip ( 26 ).
14. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein lengths of each radiating strip ( 26 ) are equal to one another.
15. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 1 wherein said conductive casing ( 46 ) surrounds said peripheral edge ( 42 ) of said first dielectric layer ( 38 ).
16. An antenna ( 10 ) as set forth in claim 5 wherein said conductive casing ( 46 ) surrounds said peripheral edge ( 44 ) of said second dielectric layer ( 40 ).
17. A window ( 12 ) having an integrated antenna ( 10 ), said window ( 12 ) comprising:
a nonconductive pane ( 16 ) of transparent material;
a patch element ( 18 ) formed of conductive material and abutting said non-conductive pane ( 16 );
a coupling element ( 20 ) formed of conductive material and having an interior edge ( 22 ) defining a cavity ( 24 ), said coupling element ( 20 ) disposed non-planar with and generally parallel to said patch element ( 18 );
a plurality of radiating strips ( 26 ) formed of conductive material and arranged as at least two dipole pairs in a crossed-dipole pattern and disposed non-planar with and generally parallel to said patch element ( 18 );
said interior edge ( 22 ) of said coupling element ( 20 ) is disposed around said radiating strips ( 26 ) such that an entirety of said radiating strips ( 26 ) is disposed within said interior edge ( 22 );
a plurality of feed elements ( 34 ) being in direct electrical connection with said radiating strips ( 26 ), and having no direct electrical connection with said patch element ( 18 ) such that said patch element ( 18 ) operates passively;
a first dielectric layer ( 38 ) formed of a non-conductive material and defining a first surface disposed adjacent said patch element ( 18 ) and an opposing second surface disposed adjacent to both said coupling element ( 20 ) and said radiating strips ( 26 ) such that said first dielectric layer ( 38 ) is sandwiched between said patch element ( 18 ) and both said coupling element ( 20 ) and said radiating strips ( 26 ), said first dielectric layer ( 38 ) defining a peripheral side ( 42 ) connecting said first and second surfaces;
a ground plane ( 36 ) formed of a conductive material and disposed non-planar to and generally parallel with said radiating strips ( 26 ) and opposite said patch element ( 18 ); and
a conductive casing ( 46 ) formed of a conductive material and disposed on said peripheral side ( 42 ) of said first dielectric layer ( 38 ).
18. A window ( 12 ) as set forth in claim 17 wherein said nonconductive pane ( 16 ) is formed of glass.
19. A window ( 12 ) as set forth in claim 17 wherein said plurality of radiating strips ( 26 ) is further defined as four radiating strips ( 26 ).
20. A window ( 12 ) as set forth in claim 17 which is at least part of a roof of a vehicle ( 14 ) and disposed substantially parallel to the ground.
21. A window ( 12 ) as set forth in claim 17 wherein said conductive casing ( 46 ) is electrically connected to said ground plane ( 36 ) and surrounds said coupling element ( 20 ), said radiating strips ( 26 ), said peripheral edge ( 44 ) of said first dielectric layer ( 38 ), and said ground plane ( 36 ).