Micro-pump or normally-off micro-valve

1. A normally closed micro-valve for use in a microfluidic device, comprising

a valve seat;

an outlet opening;

an inlet; and

flexible pre-compressed or pre-stretched separator arranged so that the pre-compression or pre-stretch forces the separator against the valve seat in a normally closed state to isolate the outlet opening from the inlet, the separator being a non-perforated membrane and configured to be removed from the valve seat when a vacuum force is applied onto the separator.

2. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 1 further comprising:

one or more of a cavity, a channel, a body portion, a sealing, an adhesive, a flow regulator, a controller, and a frame.

3. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 1 further comprising:

a body portion,

wherein the valve seat has a width smaller than a width of the separator, the separator having a region that is larger than the valve seat.

4. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 3 , further comprising:

a means for fluid-tight securing of the body portion to the region of the separator, which is larger than the valve seat.

5. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 3 , wherein the body portion has an inlet channel and an outlet channel, the inlet and outlet channels entering a chamber around the valve seat at an angle relative to a plane of the membrane between 45° and 135°.

6. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 1 , further comprising:

an opening adapted to allow application of an external force to assist in opening the micro-valve.

7. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 6 , wherein the opening is further adapted to allow fluid pressure to be applied to a side of the separator which is remote from the side that makes contact with the valve seat.

8. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 1 , wherein a height of the valve seat is 1.1 to 5 times a first height of the outlet opening.

9. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 1 , wherein the separator is comprised of a material chosen from the group consisting of elastomer, natural and synthetic rubber, saturated and unsaturated rubber, and thermoplastics, and

wherein the separator is more than 1 and up to 10 times an initial size of the separator prior to stretching.

10. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 4 , wherein the means for fluid-tight securing is double sided adhesive tape.

11. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 5 , wherein said angle relative to the plane of the membrane is between 80° and 100°.

12. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 7 , wherein said fluid pressure is a vacuum.

13. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has a first surface and a second surface facing opposite the first surface, the first surface facing the valve seat, the inlet, and the outlet opening.

14. The normally closed micro-valve of claim 1 , wherein a vacuum means applies the vacuum force to the separator to remove the separator from the normally closed stated against the valve seat.

15. A microfluidic element comprising:

a micro fluidic pump, having a valve for use at an elevated temperature and/or for reducing leakage, said valve comprising:

a valve seat,

an outlet opening,

an inlet, and

a flexible pre-compressed or pre-stretched separator arranged so that the pre-compression or pre-stretch forces the separator against the valve seat in a normally closed state to isolate the outlet opening from the inlet, the separator being a non-perforated membrane and configured to be removed from the valve seat when a vacuum force is applied onto the separator.

16. A microfluidic device, comprising:

no more than four layers, the layers comprising a cover layer, a first patterned layer underneath the cover layer, an intermediate layer underneath the first patterned layer, and a second patterned layer underneath the intermediate layer, and

one or more valves, each of said valves comprising

a valve seat,

an outlet opening,

an inlet, and

a flexible pre-compressed or pre-stretched separator arranged so that the pre-compression or pre-stretch forces the separator against the valve seat in a normally closed state to isolate the outlet opening from the inlet, the separator being a non-perforated membrane and configured to be removed from the valve seat when a vacuum force is applied onto the separator.

17. The microfluidic device according to claim 16 , further comprising:

a sample input unit, and/or one or more processing units, or one or more containers, or one or more of a filter, a micro actuator, a seal, an entrance, an outlet, an inlet, and a biasing means.

18. The microfluidic device as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the device is one or more of a biosensor and a cartridge in a package under vacuum or pressure and comprising a further seal for maintaining pressure.

19. The microfluidic device as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising:

a detection window to allow a detector to be placed adjacent to the microfluidic device and to make a detection of presence, absence and/or amount, of one or more molecules and/or ions, including a protein, drug, DNA, RNA, nucleic acid, nucleic acid sequence, cell membrane or cell membrane fragment, cell organelle, antibody, hormone, glucose, insulin, enzyme, fungus, bacterium, pathogenic bacterium, virus, for cell culture, and magnetic particle.

20. The microfluidic device according to claim 16 , wherein the device is configured to detect presence, absence and amount, and/or isolate, and/or purify one or more molecules and/or ions, such as protein, drug, DNA, RNA, nucleic acid, nucleic acid sequence, hormone, glucose, insulin, enzyme, fungus, bacterium, pathogenic bacterium, virus, for cell culture, in an array, in an assay.