Medical device adapter with wrist mechanism

1. A surgical device adapter for coupling an end effector to a surgical device, the surgical device adapter comprising:

a proximal joint housing including a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal joint housing couplable at the proximal end thereof to the surgical device;

a middle joint housing having a proximal end and a distal end, the middle joint housing pivotally coupled at the proximal end thereof to the distal end of the proximal joint housing, the middle joint housing pivotable about a first pivot axis defined between the proximal joint housing and the middle joint housing;

a distal joint housing having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal joint housing pivotally coupled at the proximal end thereof to the distal end of the middle joint housing, the distal joint housing couplable at the distal end thereof to the end effector and pivotable about a second pivot axis defined between the middle joint housing and the distal joint housing, the second pivot axis being transverse to the first pivot axis; and

a first articulation link coupled to the middle joint housing, the first articulation link longitudinally movable in a proximal direction to pivot the middle joint housing in a first direction about the first pivot axis and in a distal direction to pivot the middle joint housing in a second direction about the first pivot axis.

2. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a second articulation link coupled to the distal joint housing, the second articulation link longitudinally movable in a proximal direction to pivot the distal joint housing in a first direction about the second pivot axis and in a distal direction to pivot the distal joint housing in a second direction about the second pivot axis.

3. The surgical device adapter according to claim 2 , wherein the second articulation link is bendable in response to pivoting of the middle joint housing.

4. The surgical device adapter according to claim 1 , further comprising:

a drive mechanism couplable to the surgical device and the end effector, the drive mechanism configured to actuate the end effector in response to input from the surgical device.

5. The surgical device adapter according to claim 4 , the drive mechanism comprising:

a proximal transmission shaft rotatably disposed within the proximal joint housing, the proximal transmission shaft including a connector sleeve disposed at a proximal end thereof couplable to the surgical device and a first gear disposed at a distal end thereof;

a middle transmission shaft rotatably disposed within the middle joint housing, the middle transmission shaft including a second gear disposed at a proximal end thereof and meshingly engaged with the first gear and a third gear disposed at a distal end thereof; and

a distal transmission shaft rotatably disposed within the distal joint housing, the distal transmission shaft including a fourth gear disposed at a proximal end thereof and meshingly engaged with the third gear and a keyed distal end configured to engage the end effector.

6. The surgical device according to claim 5 , wherein the first, second, third, and fourth gears have a substantially ellipsoid shape.

7. A surgical device adapter for coupling an end effector to a surgical device, the surgical device adapter comprising:

a proximal joint housing including a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal joint housing couplable at the proximal end thereof to the surgical device;

a middle joint housing having a proximal end and a distal end, the middle joint housing pivotally coupled at the proximal end thereof to the distal end of the proximal joint housing, the middle joint housing pivotable about a first pivot axis defined between the proximal joint housing and the middle joint housing;

a distal joint housing having a proximal end and a distal end, the distal join housing pivotally coupled at the proximal end thereof to the distal end of the middle joint housing, the distal joint housing couplable at the distal end thereof to the end effector and pivotable about a second pivot axis defined between the middle joint housing and the distal joint housing, the second pivot axis being transverse to the first pivot axis; and

a drive mechanism including a plurality of gears and couplable to the surgical device and the end effector, the drive mechanism configured to actuate the end effector in response to input from the surgical device, wherein the plurality of gears are disposed between the proximal, middle, and distal joint housings.

8. The surgical device adapter according to claim 7 , further comprising:

a first articulation link coupled to the middle joint housing, the first articulation link longitudinally movable in a proximal direction to pivot the middle joint housing in a first direction about the first pivot axis and in a distal direction to pivot the middle joint housing in a second direction about the first pivot axis.

9. The surgical device adapter according to claim 8 , further comprising:

a second articulation link coupled to the distal joint housing, the second articulation link longitudinally movable in a proximal direction to pivot the distal joint housing in a first direction about the second pivot axis and in a distal direction to pivot the distal joint housing in a second direction about the second pivot axis.

10. The surgical device adapter according to claim 9 , wherein the second articulation link is bendable in response to pivoting of the middle joint housing.

11. The surgical device adapter according to claim 7 , the drive mechanism comprising:

a proximal transmission shaft rotatably disposed within the proximal joint housing, the proximal transmission shaft including a connector sleeve disposed at a proximal end thereof couplable to the surgical device and a first gear disposed at a distal end thereof.

12. The surgical device adapter according to claim 11 , the drive mechanism comprising:

a middle transmission shaft rotatably disposed within the middle joint housing, the middle transmission shaft including a second gear disposed at a proximal end thereof and meshingly engaged with the first gear and a third gear disposed at a distal end thereof.

13. The surgical device adapter according to claim 12 , the drive mechanism comprising:

a distal transmission shaft rotatably disposed within the distal joint housing, the distal transmission shaft including a fourth gear disposed at a proximal end thereof and meshingly engaged with the third gear and a keyed distal end configured to engage the end effector.

14. The surgical device according to claim 13 , wherein the first, second, third, and fourth gears have a substantially ellipsoid shape.