Process for synthesis of calcium oxide
The present invention relates to processes for making calcium oxide electrolytically using calcium carbonate as a starting material. In a direct process, the present invention involves heating calcium carbonate to a temperature greater than its melting point or heating a molten mixture containing calcium carbonate; and subjecting the molten calcium carbonate or molten mixture to electrolysis to generate calcium oxide and oxygen, and a reduced carbon product. In an indirect process, the present invention involves heating solid calcium carbonate in a closed container to cause thermal decomposition to calcium oxide, and directing the evolved hot carbon dioxide byproduct into a molten carbonate solution, and subjecting the hot carbon dioxide molten mixture to electrolysis to generate solid carbon and oxygen, and a reduced carbon product.
1. A process for producing calcium oxide comprising the step of electrolyzing a molten mixture containing calcium carbonate in an electrolysis vessel to produce calcium oxide, oxygen, and a reduced carbon product, wherein the calcium oxide collects on the bottom of the electrolysis vessel.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the calcium carbonate is dissolved in the molten mixture subsequent to or prior to electrolysis.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the molten mixture further comprises lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, barium carbonate, or combinations thereof.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the molten mixture comprises lithium oxide.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reduced carbon product is carbon.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reduced carbon product is carbon monoxide.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the calcium oxide is a precipitate.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis vessel is exposed to the atmosphere.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis is conducted with a carbon dioxide pressure of less than about 10 atmosphere.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis is conducted with a carbon dioxide pressure of greater than about 10 atmosphere.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the energy used to electrolyze the molten calcium carbonate is obtained from nuclear, solar, wind, or hydroelectric energy.
12. The process of claim 1 , further comprising collecting the calcium oxide from the bottom of the electrolysis vessel.
13. A process for producing calcium oxide comprising heating calcium carbonate in a vessel to produce calcium oxide and hot carbon dioxide gas; directing said hot carbon dioxide gas into a molten carbonate; and electrolyzing said molten carbonate to generate oxygen and a reduced carbon product, wherein the calcium oxide collects on the bottom of the vessel.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the reduced carbon product is solid carbon.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the reduced carbon product is carbon monoxide.
16. The process of claim 13 , wherein said molten carbonate comprises lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, barium carbonate, lithium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, barium oxide, or combinations thereof.
17. The process of claim 13 , wherein said molten carbonate is heated by solar thermal energy.
18. The process of claim 13 , wherein said electrolysis is powered by non-fossil fuel generated electricity.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein said non-fossil fuel generated electricity is generated by renewable energy.
20. The process of claim 18 , wherein said non-fossil fuel generated electricity is produced by nuclear, solar energy, wind, or hydroelectric energy.
21. The process of claim 13 , wherein the hot carbon dioxide gas is at a temperature of greater than about 900° C.
22. The process of claim 13 , further comprising collecting the calcium oxide from the bottom of the vessel.