Resonance energy transfer assay with cleavage sequence and spacer
A molecular construct comprises a donor label, an acceptor label, a linker peptide disposed between the donor and the acceptor, the linker having a cleavage site sequence, and a spacer between at least one of (a) the donor and the cleavage site sequence and (b) the acceptor and the cleavage site sequence. Preferably, the construct is selected from the group consisting of CFP-(SGLRSRA)-SNAP-25-(SNS)-YFP (SEQ ID NO: 9), and CFP-(SGLRSRA)-synaptobrevin-(SNS)-YFP (SEQ ID NO: 10). In preferred embodiments, the linker peptide is a substrate of a botulinum neurotoxin selected from the group consisting of synaptobrevin (VAMP), syntaxin and SNAP-25, or a fragment thereof that can be recognized and cleaved by the botulinum neurotoxin. Advantageously, the spacer increases the electronic coupling between the donor label and the acceptor label relative to a corresponding construct without the spacer.
1. A construct having:
a donor label and an acceptor label positioned to provide an electronic coupling such that the donor can transfer energy to the acceptor by a dipole-dipole coupling mechanism; and
a linker disposed between the donor label and the acceptor label, wherein the linker is a peptide sequence comprising (a) a cleavage site peptide comprising a SNARE motif, (b) a first peptide spacer interposed between the donor and the cleavage site peptide, and (c) a second peptide spacer interposed between the acceptor and the cleavage site peptide, wherein the first peptide spacer and the second peptide spacer each comprise three to fifteen amino acids and are selected to both increase the primary structure distance between the donor and the acceptor and reduce the tertiary structure distance between the donor and the acceptor relative to a corresponding construct lacking the first spacer and second spacer, such that the construct is characterized by increased electronic coupling between the donor and the acceptor relative to a corresponding construct lacking the first spacer and second spacer.
2. The construct of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the donor and the acceptor is at least one of a fluorophore and a chromophore.
3. The construct of claim 1 , wherein the dipole-dipole coupling mechanism is a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET).
4. The construct of claim 1 , wherein the linker has a primary structure length>5 nm.
5. The construct of claim 1 , wherein the linker has a primary structure length>8 nm.
6. The construct of claim 1 , wherein the linker has a primary structure length>12 nm.
7. The construct of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first peptide spacer or the second peptide spacer includes (GGGGS)n, where n is 1-3 (SEQ ID NO: 7).
8. The construct of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first flexible peptide or the second flecible peptide spacer includes (EAAAK)n, where n is 1-3 (SEQ ID NO. 8).
9. The construct of claim 1 , wherein the first flexible peptide spacer and the second flexible peptide spacer increase the electronic coupling relative to a corresponding construct without the spacer.
10. The construct of claim 1 , wherein the cleavage site peptide comprises a SNARE protein mutein.
11. A construct having:
a donor label and an acceptor label positioned to provide an electronic coupling such that the donor can transfer energy to the acceptor by a dipole-dipole coupling mechanism; and a linker disposed between the donor label and the acceptor label, having a cleavage site sequence comprising a SNARE motif and a spacer between at least one of the donor and the cleavage site sequence and the acceptor and the cleavage site sequence,
wherein the spacer reduces the distance between the donor label and the acceptor label in a tertiary structure of the construct and wherein the construct is selected from the group consisting of CFP-(SGLRSRA)-SNAP-25-(SNS)-YFP (SEQ ID NO. 9), and CFP-(SGLRSRA)-synaptobrevin-(SNS)-YFP (SEQ ID NO: 10).