Method and apparatus for surface treatment of materials utilizing multiple combined energy sources
Material treatment is effected in a treatment region by at least two energy sources, such as (i) an atmospheric pressure plasma and (ii) an ultraviolet laser directed into the plasma and optionally onto the material being treated. Precursor materials may be dispensed before, and finishing material may be dispensed after treatment. Electrodes for generating the plasma may comprise two spaced-apart rollers. Nip rollers adjacent the electrode rollers define a semi-airtight cavity, and may have a metallic outer layer.
1. A method for treating a substrate comprising:
creating a high voltage alternating current atmospheric plasma by energizing two spaced-apart electrodes in a treatment region;
directing a laser beam into the plasma; and
shaping the laser beam to have a rectangular cross-section;
wherein the laser beam interacts with the plasma, resulting in a hybrid plasma, and the laser beam also acts directly upon the substrate being treated; and
wherein the beam from the laser is directed into the treatment region, at an angle greater than 0 degrees and less than 10 degrees, horizontal to a top surface of the substrate, so as to impinge on the surface of the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the laser has at least one of the following characteristics:
the laser comprises an excimer laser;
the laser operates in the ultra-violet wave length range;
the laser operates with at least 25 watts of output power.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
prior to treating the substrate, dispensing precursor materials onto the substrate.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
after treating the substrate, dispensing finishing materials onto the substrate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the electrodes comprise rollers.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
pulsing the laser radiation to create plasma waves.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the two spaced-apart electrodes comprise first and second rollers.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
providing third and fourth rollers disposed adjacent the first and second rollers and forming a semi-airtight cavity between outer surfaces of the first, second, third and fourth rollers for defining the treatment region and for containing the plasma.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
providing a metallic outer layer on at least one of the third and fourth rollers.
10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
disposing a shield around the first and second rollers to define the cavity.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein:
the first and second rollers are disposed parallel with one another, with a gap therebetween, to allow the substrate to be fed between the rollers.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the substrate comprises a fibrous textile material.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the substrate is a material selected from the group consisting of organic textiles and inorganic textiles.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the substrate is a material selected from the group consisting of paper, synthetic paper, and plastic.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a beam from the laser is directed into the treatment region so as to impinge on the surface of the substrate.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the electrodes are elongate; and
a beam from the laser is directed into the treatment region approximately parallel to and between the electrodes.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
treating the substrate is selected from the group consisting of cleaning, preparation and performance enhancement of materials.