Aggregate-based mandrels for composite part production and composite part production methods
A method for forming a composite structure, using a mandrel that is later removed from the composite structure, involves production of a mandrel by depositing a particulate mixture, including an aggregate and a binder, into a mold and removing the mandrel from the mold. The mandrel may be treated while still in the mold by heating, curing with an agent, microwave energy, or by some combination thereof. Once finished, the mandrel can be used in manufacturing polymer and/or composite components. The mandrel can also include materials that can be easily removed from the finished composite structure by water, shakeout, chemically dissolving, or by some combination thereof. The mandrel can be a self-expanding mandrel, and can be used in a process or system for the manufacture of composite structures.
1. A self-expanding water-soluble mandrel comprising a water-soluble binder and an expandable material, wherein the water-soluble binder is a mixture comprising from 1 to 30 weight % polyvinylpyrolidone and from 1 to 20 weight % sodium silicate, wherein the expandable material comprises an expandable polymer particle or an expandable graphite, and wherein the expandable polymer particle or expandable graphite expands when subjected to heat, light, energy or chemical reaction.
2. The mandrel of claim 1 , wherein the expandable material expands under thermal conditions between about 150° F. and about 700° F.
3. The mandrel of claim 1 , wherein the expandable material comprises an expandable polymer particle that expands between about 200° F. and about 350° F.
4. The mandrel of claim 1 , wherein the expandable material comprises an expandable graphite that expands between about 350° F. and about 650° F.
5. The mandrel of claim 1 , wherein the self-expanding mandrel applies pressure to a composite material applied on the mandrel's surface.
6. A process for preparing a hollow composite structure, comprising the steps of
preparing a self-expanding water-soluble mandrel comprising a water-soluble binder and an expandable material,
wherein the water-soluble binder is a mixture comprising from 1 to 30 weight % polyvinylpyrolidone and from 1 to 20 weight % sodium silicate, and wherein the expandable material comprises an expandable polymer particle or an expandable graphite, and the expandable polymer particle or expandable graphite expands when subjected to heat, light, energy or chemical reaction,
covering the water-soluble mandrel with a composite material,
heating the water-soluble mandrel and composite material to between 150-700° F. to form the composite structure with the water-soluble mandrel contained therein,
cooling the water-soluble mandrel and composite material, and
washing the water-soluble mandrel out of the composite structure with water to yield the hollow composite structure.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the water-soluble mandrel and the composite material are heated inside a tool to compress the composite material against the internal surface of the tool.
8. The process according to claim 6 , further comprising the initial step of preparing a tool matching the external dimensions of the hollow composite structure, and conducting the heating of the water-soluble mandrel and composite material inside the tool.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the water-soluble mandrel is prepared inside the tool with an offset structure.
10. The mandrel of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble binder is a mixture comprising polyvinylpyrolidone from 3% to 30% weight of the mixture and sodium silicate from 3% to 20% weight of the mixture.
11. The mandrel of claim 10 , wherein the mixture comprises from 3% to 10% weight polyvinylpyrolidone and from 3% to 10% weight sodium silicate.
12. The process of claim 6 , wherein the water-soluble binder is a mixture comprising polyvinylpyrolidone from 3% to 30% weight of the mixture and sodium silicate from 3% to 20% weight of the mixture.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the mixture comprises from 3% to 10% weight polyvinylpyrolidone and from 3% to 10% weight % sodium silicate.