High modulus wear resistant gray cast iron for piston ring applications
A piston ring formed of cast iron provides improved machinability and exceptional performance and minimum costs. The cast iron includes 2.2 to 2.9 wt. % carbon, 3.2 to 4.2 wt. % silicon, 0.75 to 1.25 wt. % copper, 1.0 to 1.5 wt. % manganese, 0.09 to 0.15 wt. % sulfur, not greater than 0.2 wt. % phosphorous, and an average carbon equivalent of 3.8. The cast iron preferably includes a matrix of martensite with MnS and carbides dispersed therein. The matrix is also preferably free of ferrite, austenite, and steadite. The cast iron is formed by casting, austenitizing, quenching, and tempering the alloy.
1. A method of manufacturing a piston ring formed of cast iron, comprising the steps of:
providing an alloy including, in weight percent (wt. %) of the alloy, 2.2 to 2.9 wt. % carbon, 3.2 to 4.2 wt. % silicon, 0.75 to 1.25 wt. % copper, 1.0 to 1.5 wt. % manganese, 0.09 to 0.15 wt. % sulfur, and not greater than 0.1 wt. % phosphorous; casting the alloy; austenitizing the alloy; quenching the austenitized alloy; and tempering the alloy to form cast iron, wherein the cast iron comprises manganese sulfide (MnS) and carbides.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the austenitizing step includes heating the alloy to a temperature of 1750 to 1850° F. for 60 to 120 minutes.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the quenching step includes disposing the austenitized alloy in oil at 140 to 150° F.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the tempering step includes heating the quenched alloy to a temperature of 950 to 1000° F. for 60 to 120 minutes.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the alloy includes, in weight percent (wt. %) of the alloy, 2.5 to 2.9 wt. % carbon, 3.6 to 4.2 wt. % silicon, 0.75 to 1.25 wt. % copper, 1.0 to 1.5 wt. % manganese, and 0.09 to 0.15 wt. % sulfur.
6. The method of claim 1 including forming an oil grove in the cast iron.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cast iron comprises a matrix including at least one of martensite and bainite, and the manganese sulfide (MnS) and carbides are dispersed throughout the matrix.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cast iron includes, in vol. % of the cast iron, the MnS in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 vol. %, based on the total volume of the cast iron.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the matrix includes, in vol. % of the matrix, the martensite in an amount of 80 to 90 vol. %, based on the total volume of the matrix.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the matrix includes, in vol. % of the matrix, not greater than 5 vol. % ferrite, austenite, and steadite, based on the total volume of the matrix.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cast iron has an average carbon equivalent of 3.4 to 4.2.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cast iron has an average carbon equivalent of 3.8.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alloy includes, in wt. % of the alloy, 0.3 to 0.5 wt. % molybdenum.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alloy includes, in wt. % of the alloy, nickel in an amount not greater than 0.22 wt. % nickel.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alloy includes, in wt. % of the alloy, 0.25 to 0.65 wt. % chromium.
16. A method of forming a cast iron, comprising the steps of:
providing an alloy including, in weight percent (wt. %) of the alloy, 2.2 to 2.9 wt. % carbon, 3.2 to 4.2 wt. % silicon, 0.75 to 1.25 wt. % copper, 1.0 to 1.5 wt. % manganese, 0.09 to 0.15 wt. % sulfur, and not greater than 0.1 wt. % phosphorous; casting the alloy; austenitizing the alloy; quenching the austenitized alloy; and tempering the alloy to form cast iron, wherein the cast iron comprises manganese sulfide (MnS) and carbides.