Self-assembling peptides bearing organic electronic functionality and applications employing the same
The aqueous self-assembly of oligopeptide-flanked π-conjugated molecules into discrete one-dimensional nanostructures is described. Unique to these molecules is the fact that the π-conjugated unit has been directly embedded within the peptide backbone by way of a synthetic amino acid with π-functionality that is compatible with standard Fmoc-based peptide synthesis or by way of a diacid or other bis(electrophile) that can covalently cross-link peptide chains presented on a synthesis support. The peptide-based molecular designs enforce intimate π-π communication within the aggregates after charge-screening and self-assembly, making these nanostructures attractive for optical or electronic applications in biological environments. In other embodiments, a convenient method to incorporate π-electron units into peptides that assemble into amyloid-like supramolecular polymers is disclosed. Self-assembly manipulates these “electronic peptides” into delocalized sub-10 nm one dimensional (1-D) nanostructures under completely aqueous conditions.
1. A composition comprising one or more π-conjugated oligopeptides having a structure:
peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n wherein:
n is an integer from 1 to 10;
wherein the peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n structure comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of:
2. A defined nanostructure comprising one or more π-conjugated oligopeptides having a structure:
peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n
wherein:
n is an integer from 1 to 10;
the peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n comprises a peptide backbone;
the organic electronic unit is an α-oligothiophene, an oligophenylene, an oligo(phenylene vinylene), a rylene, and diimides and diacids thereof, and wherein the organic electronic unit is embedded in the peptide backbone; and
each peptide can be the same or different and comprises from 2 to 100 naturally occurring amino acid residues or a variant thereof, wherein the peptide backbone comprises two exposed terminal groups and wherein the two exposed terminal groups are a carboxylic acid and an amine or are each a carboxylic acid.
3. The defined nanostructure of claim 2 , wherein the nanostructure has at least one sub-10 nm dimension.
4. The defined nanostructure of claim 2 , wherein the defined nanostructure comprises π-stacked electronic conduits comprising one or more peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n structures of claim 2 .
5. The defined nanostructure of claim 2 , wherein the defined nanostructure has a property selected from the group consisting of an electronic property, an optoelectric property, and a cell adhesion property.
6. A cell growth and/or cell adhesion scaffold comprising one or more peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n structures of claim 1 .
7. A method of inducing selective tissue growth, the method comprising implanting a cell growth and/or cell adhesion scaffold of claim 6 into a subject, thereby stimulating the adhesion to and proliferation of cells in the location of the scaffold.
8. A method of providing an electrically conductive implant in a subject, the method comprising introducing a defined nanostructure of claim 2 into the subject.
9. A method of obtaining the nanostructure of claim 2 , the method comprising admixing a plurality of peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n structures in aqueous solution under conditions such that the nanostructure is formed.
10. The method of claim 9 that is carried out in vitro.
11. The method of claim 9 that is carried out in vivo.
12. An implantable medical device comprising the nanostructure of claim 2 .
13. An in vivo biological sensor comprising the nanostructure of claim 2 .
14. An in vitro biological sensor comprising the nanostructure of claim 2 .
15. An imaging agent comprising the nanostructure of claim 2 .
16. A method for preparing a peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n structure of claim 1 , the method comprising:
providing an organic electronic unit comprising a free carboxylic acid moiety and a protected amine moiety; and
contacting the organic electronic unit with one or more protected amino acids under solid-phase peptide synthesis conditions to obtain the peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n .
17. A method of preparing a peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n structure of claim 1 , wherein n=1, the method comprising:
(a) providing one or more peptides immobilized on a solid support, wherein the one or more peptides have a deprotected or free amine group;
(b) contacting the one or more immobilized peptides with a difunctional diacid or difunctional dianhydride to promote a double imidation or amidation reaction between two immobilized peptides to form a dimer, wherein the diacid or dianhydride forms a linking group; and
(c) cleaving the dimer from the solid support to obtain the peptide-[(organic electronic unit)-peptide] n structure.