Method and apparatus for denenoxing waste gases from nitration
The invention relates to a method for reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in waste gases released dating the production of organic amino compounds, wherein an organic compound is first reacted with NO x and/or nitric acid to form an organic nitro compound with the formation of an NO x -containing waste gas stream and the organic nitro compound is converted to the organic ammo compound by means of hydrogen-containing reaction gas, the reaction of the organic nitro compound with the hydrogen-containing reduction gas taking place with the formation of a hydrogen-containing waste gas stream, the method being characterised in that the NO x -containing waste gas stream is combined with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or an externally supplied hydrogen stream and is reacted at a temperature of 800 to 1700° C. for the at least partial reduction of the NO x concentration. The invention additionally relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method.
1. A method for reducing the concentration of nitrogen oxides in waste gases released during the production of organic amino compounds, comprising:
(1) reacting an organic compound with NO x and/or nitric acid to form an organic nitro compound wherein an NO x -containing waste gas stream is formed and the organic nitro compound is converted to the organic amino compound by means of a hydrogen-containing reaction gas, the reaction of the organic nitro compound with the hydrogen-containing reduction gas taking place with the formation of a hydrogen-containing waste gas stream,
(2) combining the NO x -containing waste gas stream with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or an externally supplied hydrogen stream, and
(3) reacting the NO x -containing waste gas stream with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or an externally supplied hydrogen stream at a temperature of 800 to 1700° C. for the at least partial reduction of the NO x concentration.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the externally supplied hydrogen stream consists of at least 70 vol. % pure hydrogen, the externally supplied hydrogen stream comprising technical-grade hydrogen.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream consists of at least 70 vol. % pure hydrogen.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound is an aromatic compound.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the organic compound is selected from the group consisting of aniline, benzene, monochlorobenzene, toluidine, nitrobenzene, mononitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene.
6. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream comprises by-products carrying amino groups.
7. The method according claim 1 , further comprising reducing the NO x concentration further by adding one or more hydrocarbon compounds to the NO x -containing waste gas stream before or during step (2) or during or after step (3).
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the hydrocarbon compound is added before, during and/or after the reaction of the NO x -containing waste gas stream with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or the externally supplied hydrogen stream.
9. The method according to claim 7 , further comprising determining the NO x concentration during the reaction of the NO x -containing waste gas stream with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or the externally supplied hydrogen stream and optionally controlling the hydrocarbon compound and the metering of the hydrocarbon compound as a function of the measured reaction temperature and/or the NO x concentration.
10. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising adding air, oxygen-containing waste gases and/or oxygen to the NO x -containing waste gas stream before or during step (2) or during or after step (3).
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction of the NO x -containing waste gas stream with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or the externally supplied hydrogen stream and optionally the hydrocarbon compound takes place at a temperature of 1000 to 1700° C.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction of the NO x -containing waste gas stream with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or the externally supplied hydrogen stream takes place with a hyperstoichiometrie amount of substance of hydrogen and further comprising at least partially oxidizing the excess hydrogen with air and/or oxygen.
13. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising adding a compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, urea and/or another ammonia-releasing compound to the NO x -containing waste gas stream.
14. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising recovering at least a portion of any heat of reaction released during the reaction of the NO x -containing waste gas stream with the hydrogen-containing waste gas stream and/or the externally supplied hydrogen stream, and/or any heat of reaction released while the excess hydrogen is reacted off, with the aid of heat exchangers.