Porous expansion bolt

1. A biocompatible expansion bolt, comprising:

a one-piece central screw including a first end with an integrally formed enlarged screw head having a driving recess and a second end to which a conical nut is secured; and

an expansion shell positioned about the central screw, the expansion shell being substantially cylindrical with a central aperture in which the central screw is positioned for movement relative to the expansion shell and shaped and dimensioned for controlled expansion between a first diameter and a larger, second diameter for applying a predetermined hoop stress optimizing tissue in-growth, wherein the expansion shell is composed of porous material allowing for tissue in-growth, the expansion shell being composed of a plurality of arcuate shaped expansion members solely constrained by a spring lattice structure, the expansion shell including a circumferential groove in which the lattice structure is positioned, the groove having a substantially circular cross section in a plane perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the expansion shell;

the first end of the central screw includes a first outwardly facing tapered camming surface formed along a bottom surface of the enlarged screw head and the conical nut includes a second outwardly facing tapered camming surface formed along an upper surface of the conical nut, whereby the first outwardly facing tapered camming surface and the second outwardly facing tapered camming surface interact with the expansion shell to control expansion thereof; and

wherein when compressive forces are respectively applied to a first end and a second end of the expansion shell by the first outwardly facing tapered camming surface and the second outwardly facing tapered camming surface, the diameter of an outer surface of the expansion shell will increase along an entire length of the expansion shell as the expansion members of the expansion shell are pushed apart.

2. The expansion bolt according to claim 1 , wherein the porous material is elemental metal tantalum.

3. The expansion bolt according to claim 1 , wherein the porous material is selected from the group consisting of elemental metal tantalum, porous titanium, porous cobalt chrome, porous aluminum, porous stainless steel, and porous ceramics.

4. The expansion bolt according to claim 1 , further including a suture attachment loop.

5. The expansion bolt according to claim 4 , wherein the central screw includes the suture attachment loop.

6. The expansion bolt according to claim 4 , wherein the expansion shell includes the suture attachment loop.

7. The expansion bolt according to claim 1 , wherein the lattice structure is a coiled spring.

8. The expansion bolt according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of expansion members extend along a plurality of different axes.