Apparatus and method for assessing subgrade corrosion

1. An apparatus configured to assess soil corrosivity and subgrade corrosion of a structure without disturbing the site where the structure resides, comprising:

(a) a probe having a plurality of electrodes and sensors configured to conduct environmental and corrosion measurements at the site;

(b) a faraday cage around the probe to prevent electrical interference; and

(c) a controller having a potentiostat contained therein to determine a corrosion rate at the site, wherein the corrosion rate provides an indicator of the amount of corrosion of the structure over time.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the probe includes:

(a) coupled and uncoupled working electrodes;

(b) counter electrodes configured to measure soil resistance; and

(c) a permanent reference electrode.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the coupled and uncoupled working electrodes are carbon steel, and wherein the coupled working electrode is coupled to a structure to be tested to understand how the environment affects the structure and the uncoupled working electrode measures the corrosion rate of the site where the structure is located.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the reference electrode is a material selected from the group Silver/Silver Chloride, Saturated Calomel, Mercury/Mercury Oxide, Mercury/Mercury Sulfate, and Copper/Copper Sulfate.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the potentiostat makes corrosion rate measurements by impressing a voltage on the uncoupled working electrode and measuring the current response.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the probe includes:

(a) a temperature sensor configured to measure temperature;

(b) a moisture sensor configured to measure moisture;

(c) a redox sensor configured to measure redox potentials; and

(d) a pH sensor configured to measure pH.

7. An apparatus configured to assesss soil corrosivity and subgrade corrosion of a structure without disturbing the site where the structure resides, comprising:

(a) a probe having a plurality of electrodes and sensors configured to measure environmental factors and corrosion rates at the site, the plurality of probes including coupled and uncoupled carbon steel working electrodes, wherein the coupled working electrode is coupled to a structure to be tested and the uncoupled working electrode measures a corrosion rate of the site where the structure is located;

(b) a controller having a data acquisition module, microcontroller module, and poteniostat, wherein the potentiostat scans the electrodes and sensors for corrosion rates, soil resistivity, REDOX, and pH values and logs the corrosion rates and environmental factors and other data into the data acquisition module, and wherein the data acquisition module transfers the data to an internal storage device or transmits the data to an external device.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the plurality of electrodes includes:

(a) a copper electrode which mimics a grounding system;

(b) a zinc electrode which mimics a galvanized protective coating; and

(c) a carbon steel electrode which mimics a structural member.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the plurality of sensors includes:

(a) a moisture sensor configured to measure moisture of the soil at the site;

(b) a temperature sensor configured to measure temperature of the soil at the site; and

(c) a pH sensor to measure the pH of the soil at the site.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the potentiostat may be operated in a potentostatic or galvanostatic mode.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the potentostatic mode changes a voltage while a current response is being monitored.

12. The apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the galvanostatic mode changes a current while a voltage response is being monitored.

13. The apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the potentiostat may be operated as a two-electrode, three-electrode, or four-electrode system depending on the specific measurements needed.

14. A method for assessing subgrade corrosion at a specified site, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an apparatus having:

(i) a probe having a faraday cage positioned around the probe to prevent electrical interference; and

(ii) a controller with a potentiostat contained therein;

(b) pressing the probe into a soil at the site;

(c) using the controller to conduct a test of the site;

(d) using the potentiostat to scan electrodes and sensors of the probe to take environmental and corrosion rate measurements; and

(e) providing the measurements to a user to allow a user to set up a maintenance plan for structures located at the site.