Multi-metal oxide ceramic nanomaterial
A convenient and versatile method for preparing complex metal oxides is disclosed. The method uses a low temperature, environmentally friendly gel-collection method to form a single phase nanomaterial. In one embodiment, the nanomaterial consists of Ba A Mn B Ti C O D in a controlled stoichiometry.
1. A method for producing a multi-metal oxide ceramic nanomaterial, the method comprising steps of:
mixing a first metal-organic salt comprising a first metal (M 1 ), a second metal-organic salt comprising a second metal (M 2 ) and a third metal-organic salt comprising a third metal (M 3 ) in an anhydrous solvent to form a first intermediate, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of barium, manganese, titanium, iron, nickel, copper, bismuth, cobalt, samarium, and praseodymium, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are different;
adding deionized water to the anhydrous solvent to hydrolyze the first intermediate to produce a precursor solution;
permitting the precursor solution to form a gel wherein, after gel formation, at least 90% of M 1 , M 2 and M 3 is integrated into the gel;
sintering the gel for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature to form a nanomaterial, wherein the predetermined temperature is less than 180° C.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of barium, titanium and a third metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, nickel, copper, bismuth, cobalt, samarium, and praseodymium.
3. A method for producing a multi-metal oxide ceramic nanomaterial, the method comprising steps of:
mixing a first metal-organic salt comprising a first metal (M 1 ), a second metal-organic salt comprising a second metal (M 2 ) and a third metal-organic salt comprising a third metal (M 3 ) in an anhydrous solvent to form a first intermediate, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of barium, titanium and manganese, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are different, such that the nanomaterial has a formula Ba A Mn B Ti C O D , where A is 1 to 2, B is 2 to 4, C is 3 to 5 and D is 12 to 18;
adding water to the anhydrous solvent to hydrolyze the first intermediate to produce a precursor solution;
permitting the precursor solution to form a gel wherein, after gel formation, at least 90% of M 1 , M 2 and M 3 is integrated into the gel;
sintering the gel for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature to form a nanomaterial, wherein the predetermined temperature is less than 180°.
4. A method for producing a multi-metal oxide ceramic nanomaterial, the method comprising steps of:
mixing a first metal-organic salt comprising a first metal (M 1 ), a second metal-organic salt comprising a second metal (M 2 ) and a third metal-organic salt comprising a third metal (M 3 ) in an anhydrous solvent to form a first intermediate, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are selected from the group consisting of barium, titanium and manganese, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are different, such that the nanomaterial has a formula Ba A Mn 3 Ti 4 O D , where A is 1 to 1.12 and D is 14.25 to 16;
adding water to the anhydrous solvent to hydrolyze the first intermediate to produce a precursor solution;
permitting the precursor solution to form a gel wherein, after gel formation, at least 90% of M 1 , M 2 and M 3 is integrated into the gel;
sintering the gel for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature to form a nanomaterial, wherein the predetermined temperature is less than 180°.
5. The method as recited in claim 4 , wherein D is about 16.
6. The method as recited in claim 4 , wherein D is about 14.
7. A method for producing a multi-metal oxide ceramic nanomaterial, the method comprising steps of:
mixing a first metal-organic salt comprising a first metal (M 1 ), a second metal-organic salt comprising a second metal (M 2 ) and a third metal-organic salt comprising a third metal (M 3 ) in an anhydrous solvent to form a first intermediate, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of barium, manganese, titanium, iron, nickel, copper, bismuth, cobalt, samarium, and praseodymium, wherein M 1 , M 2 and M 3 are different;
adding water to the anhydrous solvent to hydrolyze the first intermediate to produce a precursor solution;
permitting the precursor solution to form a gel wherein, after gel formation, at least 90% of M 1 , M 2 and M 3 is integrated into the gel;
sintering the gel for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature to form a nanomaterial, wherein the predetermined temperature is less than 180° C., wherein the nanomaterial is a mixed metal oxide of the Hollandite supergroup structure type of the formula M 1 M 2 M 3 O z where z is 12 to 18.
8. The method as recited in claim 7 , wherein M 1 is Ba, M 2 is Mn, M 3 is Ti such that the formula is Ba A Mn B Ti C O z , where A is 1 to 2, B is 2 to 4, C is 3 to 5 and Z is 12 to 18.
9. The method as recited in claim 8 , wherein A is 1 to 1.12, B is about 3, C is about 4 and Z is about 14 to 16.
10. The method as recited in claim 8 , wherein A is 1 to 1.5, Z is 14 to 16.
11. The method as recited in claim 8 , wherein the nanomaterial has a dielectric constant of greater than 10 4 at 1 kHz and greater than 200 at 100 MHz.
12. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the deionized water has a conductivity of less than 0.10 μS per cm.
13. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the deionized water has been purged of bicarbonate ions, carbon dioxide and oxygen.