Non-aqueous electrolytes for electrochemical cells
An electrolyte electrochemical device includes an anodic material and an electrolyte, the electrolyte including an organosilicon solvent, a salt, and a hybrid additiving having a first and a second compound, the hybrid additive configured to form a solid electrolyte interphase film on the anodic material upon application of a potential to the electrochemical device.
1. An electrochemical device comprising:
an anodic material; and
an electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising:
a hybrid additive comprising a first compound and propylene carbonate, the hybrid additive configured to form a solid electrolyte interphase film on the anodic material upon application of a potential to the electrochemical device;
a salt comprising LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, LiBF 4 , LiAlF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiB(Ph) 4 , LiAlO 2 , Li[N(FSO 2 ) 2 ], Li[SO 3 CH 3 ], Li[BF 3 (C 2 F 5 )], Li[PF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 ], Li[B(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ], Li[B(C 2 O 4 )F 2 ], Li[PF 4 (C 2 O 4 )], Li[PF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ], Li[CF 3 CO 2 ], Li[C 2 F 5 CO 2 ], Li[N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ], Li[C(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 ], Li[N(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ], Li[CF 3 SO 3 ], Li 2 B 12 X 12-n H n , Li 2 B 10 X 10-n′ H n′ , Li 2 S x″ , (LiS x″ R 1 ) y , (LiSe x″ R 1 ) y , or lithium alkyl fluorophosphates; where X is a halogen, n is an integer from 0 to 12, n′ is an integer from 0 to 10, x″ is an integer from 1 to 20, y is an integer from 1 to 3, and R 1 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, ether, F, CF 3 , COCF 3 , SO 2 CF 3 , or SO 2 F; and
a non-aqueous solvent comprising Si(CH 3 ) 3 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , Si(CH 3 ) 3 CH 2 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , Si(CH 3 ) 3 (CH 2 ) 3 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 , Si(CH 3 ) 2 [O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 ] 2 , CH 3 Si[O(CH 2 CH 2 O) p CH 3 ] 3 , Si[O(CH 2 CH 2 O) p′ CH 3 ] 4 , Si(CH 3 ) 2 [O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 ][(CH 2 ) 3 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 ], (CH 3 ) 3 SiOR, or (CH 3 ) 3 Si(CH 2 ) 3 OR;
wherein:
R is a carbonate group;
n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;
n′ is 2, 3, 4, or 5;
p is 2, 3, or 4; and
p′ is 2 or 3;
wherein:
the electrolyte comprises about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of the first compound;
the electrolyte comprises about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of the propylene carbonate;
the first compound is represented by Formula I-B:
M is a metal ion, an ammonium, a phosphonium, a sulfonium, an imidazolium, a pyridinium, or trityl;
a is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
Y is B.
2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises about 2 wt % of the first compound, and about 2 wt % of the second compound.
3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein M is Li + , Na + , or K + .
4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises graphite, amorphous carbon, Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , a tin alloy, a silicon alloy, an intermetallic compound, or lithium metal.
5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 further comprising a separator.
6. A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising:
a first compound; a second compound;
a salt comprising LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, LiBF 4 , LiAlF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiClO 4 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiB(Ph) 4 , LiAlO 2 , Li[N(FSO 2 ) 2 ], Li[SO 3 CH 3 ], Li[BF 3 (C 2 F 5 )], Li[PF 3 (CF 2 CF 3 ) 3 ], Li[B(C 2 O 4 )F 2 ], Li[PF 4 (C 2 O 4 )], Li[PF 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 ], Li[CF 3 CO 2 ], Li[C 2 F 5 CO 2 ], Li[N(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ], Li[C(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 ], Li[N(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 ], Li[CF 3 SO 3 ], Li 2 B 12 X 12-n H n , Li 2 B 10 X 10-n′ H n′ , Li 2 S x″ , (LiS x″ R 1 ) y , (LiSe x″ R 1 ) y , or lithium alkyl fluorophosphates; where X is a halogen, n is an integer from 0 to 12, n′ is an integer from 0 to 10, x″ is an integer from 1 to 20, y is an integer from 1 to 3, and R 1 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, ether, F, CF 3 , COCF 3 , SO 2 CF 3 , or SO 2 F; and
a non-aqueous solvent comprising Si(CH 3 ) 3 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , Si(CH 3 ) 3 CH 2 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 3 , Si(CH 3 ) 3 (CH 2 ) 3 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 , Si(CH 3 ) 2 [O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 ] 2 , Si CH 3 [O(CH 2 CH 2 O) p CH 3 ] 3 , Si[O(CH 2 CH 2 O) p′ CH 3 ] 4 , Si(CH 3 ) 2 [O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 ][(CH 2 ) 3 O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n′ CH 3 ], (CH 3 ) 3 SiOR, or (CH 3 ) 3 Si(CH 2 ) 3 OR;
wherein:
R is a carbonate group;
n is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7;
n′ is 2, 3, 4, or 5;
p is 2, 3, or 4; and
p′ is 2 or 3;
wherein:
the electrolyte comprises about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of the first compound;
the electrolyte comprises about 1 wt % to about 3 wt % of the second compound;
the first compound is represented by Formula I-B:
the second compound is propylene carbonate;
M is a metal ion, an ammonium, a phosphonium, a sulfonium, an imidazolium, a pyridinium, or trityl;
a is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
Y is B.
7. The non-aqueous electrolyte of claim 6 , wherein the electrolyte comprises about 2 wt % of the first compound, and about 2 wt % of the second compound.