Apparatus for generating reactive gas with glow discharges and methods of use
An apparatus for generating a flow of reactive gas for decontaminating a material, surface or area, which comprises a first electrode member comprising a first conductive sheet and a first plurality of conductive pins protruding from a surface of the first conductive sheet and a second electrode member comprising a second conductive sheet and a second plurality of conductive pins protruding from a surface of the second conductive sheet. The second electrode member is arranged in spaced relationship with the first electrode member to define a reactor channel between the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet The first plurality of conductive pins protrude within the reactor channel towards the second conductive sheet and the second plurality of conductive pins protrude within the reactor channel towards the first conductive sheet so as to form air gaps between the first plurality of conductive pins and the second plurality of conductive pins. An air blower generates a flow of air through the reactor channel. An electric pulse generator repetitively generates voltage pulses between the first and second electrode members so as to produce glow discharges in the air gaps between the conductive pins of the first plurality and the conductive pins of the second plurality, the voltage pulses being generated at a pulse repetition frequency greater than about 1 kHz and voltage pulse duration less than about 100 ns, the glow discharges being adapted to transform part of the flow of air into reactive gas. An output section delivers the reactive gas from the reactor channel to a sample or region to be decontaminated.
1. An apparatus for generating a flow of reactive gas, comprising:
a first electrode member comprising a first conductive sheet and a first plurality of conductive pins protruding from a surface of the first conductive sheet,
a second electrode member comprising a second conductive sheet and, a second plurality of conductive pins protruding from a surface of the second conductive sheet, wherein the second electrode member is arranged in spaced relationship with the first electrode member to define a reactor channel between the first conductive sheet and the second conductive sheet,
wherein the first plurality of conductive pins protrude within the reactor channel towards the second conductive sheet and wherein the second plurality of conductive pins protrude within the reactor channel towards the first conductive sheet so as to form air gaps between the first plurality of conductive pins and the second plurality of conductive pins,
an air blower for generating a flow of air through the reactor channel, wherein the air blower has an input connected to the atmosphere for sucking ambient air from an outside source and an output connected to the reactor channel for blowing the flow of air into the reactor channel, an electric pulse generator configured to repetitively generate voltage pulses between the first and second electrode members so as to produce glow discharges in the air gaps between the first plurality of conductive pins and the second plurality of plurality of conductive pins, the voltage pulses being generated at a pulse repetition frequency greater than about 1 kHz and voltage pulse duration less than about 100 ns, the glow discharges, being adapted to transform part of the flow of air into reactive gas at a delivery temperature, wherein a difference between the delivery temperature of the reactive gas delivered from the reactor channel and a temperature of ambient atmosphere is no more than 200 K, and
an output section for delivering the reactive gas from the reactor channel to as sample or region to be treated, wherein the reactive gas comprises free radicals and molecules and atoms in electronic excited states.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a hollow envelope made of an electrically insulating material, the hollow envelope having a tubular shape with a first open end connected to the air blower and a second open end connected to the output section, wherein the first electrode member and second electrode member are arranged on inner surfaces of the hollow envelope to define the reactor channel within the hollow envelope.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive pins of the first electrode member and the conductive pins of the second electrode member are arranged at corresponding positions so as to form a plurality of pairs of pins each comprising a first conductive pin of the first electrode member and a second conductive pin of the second electrode member and an identical air gap between the first and second conductive pins.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein a width of the air gap between the first and second conductive pins is between about 1 and 100 mm.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the width of the air gap between the first and second conductive pins is between about 2 mm and about 20 min.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second conductive sheet is arranged parallel to the first conductive sheet.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the conductive pins has a sharp tip, wherein a radius of curvature of the sharp tip is less than about 2000 μm.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the radius of curvature of the sharp tip is less than about 200 μm.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pulse repetition frequency of the electric pulse generator is between 10 kHz and 500 kHz.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an amplitude of a voltage pulse is between about 1 kV and about 50 kV.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the amplitude of the voltage pulse is between about 5 kV and about 30 kV.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a distance between the conductive sheet of the electrode member and an end of the conductive pins protruding from the conductive sheet is less than about 4 mm.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a length of coaxial cable connecting the electric pulse generator to one of the first electrode member and the second electrode member.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode member is connected to the electric pulse generator and the second electrode members is connected to an electrical ground potential.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , anther comprising a power feed block connected to the electric pulse generator and the air blower for feeding electrical power to the electric pulse generator and the air blower.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reactive as comprising free radicals and molecules and atoms in electronic excited states has a decontaminating or sterilizing effect.