Process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from feed-stocks comprising tall oil and terpene-compounds
The invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds; subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a hydroprocessing catalyst to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process. The invention further relates to a use of the hydrocarbon components produced by the process as a fuel or as an additive in fuel compositions. The invention also relates to a use of a NiW catalyst on a support selected from Al 2 O 3 , zeolite, zeolite-Al 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 —SiO 2 for producing fuel or an additive for fuel compositions from a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds.
1. A process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising:
purifying a crude tall oil to reduce metal ions, sulphur, phosphorous and lignin residuals in the crude tall oil;
combining a crude sulphate turpentine obtained from kraft pulping of wood with the purified crude tall oil to produce a feedstock consisting of said purified crude tall oil and said crude sulphate turpentine;
hydroprocessing the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen and a NiO/MoO 3 catalyst on an Al 2 O 3 support, at a temperature of about 280° C. to about 500° C. and at a pressure of about 30 bar to about 200 bar, to produce hydrocarbon components comprising n-paraffins; and
isomerizing the hydrocarbon components comprising n-paraffins in the presence of hydrogen and a NiW catalyst on a zeolite-Al 2 O 3 support, at a temperature of about 280° C. to about 500° C. and a pressure of about 30 bar to about 200 bar, to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein a portion of the mixture of hydrocarbon components obtained from the isomerisation is circulated back to the hydroprocessing treatment.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein a pumping speed WHSV of the feedstock is 0.6-1.2 hour −1 .
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the mixture of the hydrocarbon components is separated into gasoline, diesel, jet and naphtha range hydrocarbon fractions.
5. A process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising:
purifying a crude tall oil to reduce metal ions, sulphur, phosphorous and lignin residuals in the crude tall oil;
combining the purified crude tall oil with a crude sulphate turpentine containing up to 6% by weight sulphur to produce a feedstock consisting of said purified crude tall oil and said crude sulphate turpentine;
hydroprocessing the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen and a NiO/MoO 3 hydroprocessing catalyst on an Al 2 O 3 support, at a temperature of about 280° C. to about 500° C. and at a pressure of about 30 bar to about 200 bar, to convert dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, and methylmercaptan in the feedstock to gaseous hydrogen sulphide, and to produce hydrocarbon components comprising n-paraffins;
isomerizing the hydrocarbon components comprising n-paraffins in the presence of hydrogen and a NiW catalyst on a zeolite-Al 2 O 3 support, at a temperature of about 280° C. to about 500° C. and a pressure of about 30 bar to about 200 bar, to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components; and
circulating a portion of the mixture of hydrocarbon components obtained from the isomerisation back to the hydroprocessing treatment.