Animal feed including cationic cholesterol additive and related methods
Methods and feed compositions for increasing health of agricultural animals include administering a cationic cholesterol additive through the diet of the animal, such as through solid feed or drinking water of the animals. The method includes feeding an animal a diet comprised of a cationic cholesterol additive, such as a compound with a sterol backbone and a plurality of cationic groups attached thereto. The feed composition may include a solid or liquid feed component and a cationic cholesterol additive. The methods and compositions are useful for animals raised in confined feed operations, such as cattle, swine, horses, sheep, or poultry, and can reduce harmful bacteria in the digestive tract, increase beneficial bacteria flora, improve feed conversion efficiency, reduce morbity and/or mortality, and/or yield harvested meat having reduced content of harmful bacteria.
1. A method of improving the health of an animal, comprising:
feeding the animal a diet comprised of a cationic cholesterol additive,
the cationic cholesterol additive including a compound having the following structure, or salt thereof:
and wherein the feeding the animal a diet comprised of the cationic cholesterol additive improves feed conversion efficiency by at least 6% compared to if the animal were fed the quantity of feed in the absence of the cationic cholesterol additive.
2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol compound is fed to the animal in the food of the animal.
3. A method as in claim 2 , wherein the food is a dry feed.
4. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the cationoic cholesterol additive is fed to the animal in the drinking water of the animal.
5. A method as claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive is administered at least once every 10 days, for a period of at least 1 month.
6. A method as claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive is administered at least once every 5 days for a period of at least 2 months.
7. A method as claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive is administered at least once every 2 days for a period of at least 3 months.
8. A method as claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive is administered in at least 25% of the feedings of the animal for at least 25% of the animal's growth to maturity or during its life time.
9. A method as claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive is administered in at least 50% of the feedings of the animal for at least 50% of the animal's growth to maturity or during its life time.
10. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive is included in a concentration of at least 0.0001% by weight of a feed composition containing the cationic cholesterol additive fed to the animal and/or less than 5% by weight of the feed composition or within a range of the foregoing.
11. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive is included in a concentration of at least 0.01% by weight of a feed composition containing the cationic cholesterol additive fed to the animal and/or less than 1% by weight of the feed composition or within a range of the foregoing.
12. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol compound is included in a concentration of at least 0.5 ppm of a feed composition containing the cationic cholesterol additive fed to the animal and/or less than 1000 ppm of the feed composition, or within a range of the foregoing.
13. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol compound is included in a concentration of at least 2 ppm of a feed composition containing the cationic cholesterol additive fed to the animal and/or less than 500 ppm of the feed composition, or within a range of the foregoing.
14. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the animal is selected from the group consisting of cattle, poultry, sheep, swine, and combinations thereof.
15. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the animal is raised in a confined animal feed operation.
16. A method as in claim 15 , wherein the confined animal feed operation includes at least 250 beef, at least 150 dairy cattle, at least 500 swine, at least 100 horses, at least 2,000 sheep or lambs, at least 5,000 turkeys, and/or at least 5,000 chickens.
17. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive kills bacteria in the digestive track of the animal.
18. A method as in claim 17 , wherein the animal, when slaughtered, yields harvested meat having a reduced content of harmful bacteria.
19. A method of improving the health of an animal, comprising:
feeding the animal a diet comprised of a cationic cholesterol additive,
the cationic cholesterol additive including a compound having the following structure, or salt thereof:
and wherein the feeding the animal a diet comprised of the cationic cholesterol additive selectively kills C. difficile , while maintaining or enhancing growth of lactobacillus , in the gastrointestinal tract of the animal.
20. A method as in claim 19 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive improves feed conversion efficiency by the animal when fed a quantity of feed.
21. A method as in claim 20 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive improves feed conversion efficiency by at least 6% compared to if the animal were fed the quantity of feed in the absence of the cationic cholesterol additive.
22. A method as in claim 20 , wherein the cationic cholesterol additive improves feed conversion efficiency compared to if the animal were fed the quantity of feed and an antibiotic instead of the cationic cholesterol additive.