Attenuated negative strand viruses with altered interferon antagonist activity for use as vaccines and pharmaceuticals
The present invention relates, in general, to attenuated negative-strand RNA viruses having an impaired ability to antagonize the cellular interferon (IFN) response, and the use of such attenuated viruses in vaccine and pharmaceutical formulations. The invention also relates to the development and use of IFN-deficient systems for selection of such attenuated viruses. In particular, the invention relates to attenuated influenza viruses having modifications to the NS1 gene that diminish or eliminate the ability of the NS1 gene product to antagonize the cellular IFN response. The mutant viruses replicate in vivo but demonstrate reduced pathogenicity, and therefore are well suited for live virus vaccines, and pharmaceutical formulations.
1. A genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus, the genome of which encodes a truncated NS1 that is between 90 and 100 amino acid residues of the first N-terminal 90 to 100 amino acid residues of an NS1 protein of an influenza virus strain, so that the genetically engineered influenza virus expresses the truncated NS1 protein and has an impaired interferon antagonist phenotype, wherein the N-terminal amino acid of the NS1 protein of the influenza virus strain is 1.
2. A genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus, the genome of which encodes a truncated NS1 that is between 100 and 110 amino acid residues of the first N-terminal 100 to 110 amino acid residues of an NS1 protein of an influenza virus strain, so that the genetically engineered influenza virus expresses the truncated NS1 protein and has an impaired interferon antagonist phenotype, wherein the N-terminal amino acid of the NS1 protein of the influenza virus strain is 1.
3. A genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus, the genome of which encodes and expresses a truncated NS1 protein that is between 90 and 120 amino acid residues of the first N-terminal 90 to 120 amino acid residues of an NS1 protein of an influenza virus strain and which comprises an influenza virus gene segment encoding a heterologous sequence, wherein the first N-terminal amino acid of the NS1 protein of the influenza virus strain is 1, and wherein the genetically engineered influenza virus expresses the truncated NS1 protein and has an impaired interferon antagonist phenotype.
4. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 3 , in which the genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus genome encodes a truncated NS1 protein that is between 90 and 100 amino acid residues of the first N-terminal 90 to 100 amino acid residues of the NS1 protein of the influenza virus strain.
5. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 3 , in which the genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus genome encodes a truncated NS1 protein that is between 100 and 110 amino acid residues of the first N-terminal 100 to 110 amino acid residues of the NS1 protein of the influenza virus strain.
6. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 3 , in which the genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus genome encodes a truncated NS1 protein that is between 110 and 120 amino acid residues of the first N-terminal 110 to 120 amino acid residues of the NS1 protein of the influenza virus strain.
7. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 3 , wherein the heterologous sequence is an antigen of a strain variant.
8. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 3 , wherein the influenza virus gene segment is the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase gene segment.
9. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 7 , wherein the influenza virus gene segment is the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase gene segment.
10. The genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 3 , wherein the genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus is an influenza A virus.
11. The genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 7 , wherein the genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus is an influenza A virus.
12. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 9 , wherein the genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus is an influenza A virus.
13. The genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 3 , wherein the genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus is an influenza B virus.
14. The genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 7 , wherein the genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus is an influenza B virus.
15. The genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus of claim 9 , wherein the genetically engineered attenuated chimeric influenza virus is an influenza B virus.
16. The genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 3 , wherein the impaired interferon antagonist phenotype is measured in embryonated eggs.
17. The genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 7 , wherein the impaired interferon antagonist phenotype is measured in embryonated eggs.
18. A vaccine formulation comprising the genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 3 and a physiologically acceptable excipient.
19. A vaccine formulation comprising the genetically engineered attenuated influenza virus of claim 7 and a physiologically acceptable excipient.
20. A method for inducing an immune response against influenza virus, comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of the vaccine formulation of claim 18 .