Interior zone pressurization method and system to reduce the stack effect problems
A method and system for minimizing an incomplete closing phenomenon between an elevator hole and an interior section and a stack effect problem such as strong wind generated when opening an elevator door, which are inevitably generated at upper floors of high-rise office buildings, are provided. The method includes determining a degree of pressurization of the interior section in accordance with target pressure resistance and reduction in passing wind when opening the elevator door, and calculating a supply air volume required for the pressurization and an exhaust air volume from an elevator shaft based on the determined degree of the pressurization.
1. An interior zone pressurizing method for lessening a stack effect problem in a building, the method comprising:
checking pressure resistance performance of a dividing door, wherein the dividing door divides a floor of a plurality of floors of the building into an elevator hall and an interior section, wherein an elevator door separates the elevator hall from an elevator shaft extending between the plurality of floors, wherein the elevator hall is positioned between the interior section and the elevator shaft;
determining a passing wind velocity by measuring the passing wind velocity between the elevator hall and the interior section of the building on a given one of the plurality of floors when the elevator door is opened;
calculating a pressurizing degree of the interior section of a given one of the floors to be pressurized based on the checked pressure resistance performance and the passing wind velocity;
calculating a supply air volume required for the pressurization and an exhaust air volume from the elevator shaft to an outdoor side based on the degree of the pressurization of the interior section of the given one of the floors; and
pressurizing the interior section of the given one of the floors based on the supply air volume required for pressurizing the interior section and the exhaust air volume from the elevator shaft to the outdoor side while fixing a neutral zone.
2. The interior zone pressurizing method of claim 1 , wherein, in order to prevent secondary problems, which may be caused by downward movement of the neutral zone and pressurization of only selected floors, from occurring in the floor whose interior section is not pressurized, a same amount of air as the exhaust air volume from the elevator shaft to the interior section is exhausted from the elevator shaft to the outdoor side to fix the neutral zone.
3. An interior zone pressurizing system for lessening a stack effect problem in a building, the system comprising:
an elevator shaft extending vertically within the building between a plurality of floors,
at least one elevator hall on one of the plurality of floors separated from the elevator shaft by an elevator door, each elevator hall is positioned adjacent to the elevator shaft between the elevator shaft and an interior section on the corresponding floor of the plurality of floors, a dividing door separating each floor into the interior section and the elevator hall,
an indoor air supply unit comprising a duct unit to supply external air to the interior section of a floor to be pressurized in the building;
an elevator shaft exhaust air volume comprising a duct unit to exhaust air from an elevator shaft of a building to an outdoor side of the building;
a supply/exhaust air volume sensor for measuring the supply air volume of the indoor air supply unit and the exhaust air volume of the elevator shaft;
a plurality of absolute pressure sensors that are installed in the elevator shaft, the interior section, and an outdoor side of the building to measure absolute pressures of the elevator shaft, an absolute pressure of the interior section, and an absolute pressure of the outdoor side;
an automatic control unit for pressurizing the interior section up to a preset level by calculating a pressure difference between the interior section of the floor to be pressurized and for controlling operation of the indoor air supply unit and elevator shaft air exhaust unit such that a neutral zone is not moved by calculating a pressure difference between an interior section of a floor not to be pressurized and the elevator shaft using measured values from the supply air volume sensor and the absolute pressure sensors;
a supply air temperature control unit that is installed in the indoor air supply unit to pre-heat the outdoor air supplied to the interior section of the floor to be pressurized;
a damper for preventing the air from flowing through the indoor air supply unit and the elevator shaft air exhaust unit when the system is not being operated; and
an outdoor air temperature sensor that is designed to transfer measured data to the automatic control unit, that determines the temperature of the outdoor air to adjust operation conditions of the indoor air supply unit and the elevator shaft air exhaust unit, and that adjusts a pre-heat load of the supply air temperature control unit.
4. The interior zone pressurizing system of claim 3 , wherein, in order to prevent the neutral zone from moving by reduction in the exhaust air volume from the elevation shaft to the interior section by pressurization of the interior section, the system is designed to increase or decrease an exhaust air volume from the elevator shaft to the outdoor side by measuring a vertical pressure distribution of the building in accordance with the pressure difference between the interior section of the floor not to be pressurized and the elevator shaft.
5. The interior zone pressurizing system of claim 3 , wherein, in order to simultaneously adjust the degree of the pressurization of the interior section and adjust the movement of the neutral zone, the system determines a ratio between the supply air volume of the indoor air supply unit for pressurizing the interior section and the exhaust air volume of the elevator shaft exhaust unit for adjusting the movement of the neutral zone using the following expression:
Q
1
-
Q
3
Q
2
-
Q
3
=
1
-
Δ
P
2
-
si
Δ
P
1
-
si
Δ
P
2
-
io
Δ
P
1
-
io
-
Δ
P
2
-
si
Δ
P
1
-
si
[
Expression
]
wherein,
the Q 1 indicates an amount of air flowing between the divided sections before pressurization (including an exterior covering),
the Q 2 indicates an amount of air flowing through the exterior covering after pressurization,
the Q 3 indicates an amount of air flowing between the divided sections (excepting for the exterior covering),
the ΔP 1 _ io denotes a pressure difference between the interior section and the exterior section before pressurization,
the ΔP 2 _ io denotes a pressure difference between the interior section and the exterior section after pressurization,
the ΔP 1 _ si indicates a pressure difference between the elevator shaft and the interior section before pressurization, and
the ΔP 2 _ si indicates a pressure difference between the elevator shaft and the interior section after pressurization.