Method for producing metal powders
A method of producing metallic powder for use in the manufacture of a capacitor comprises the step of reducing a non-metallic compound to metal in contact with a molten salt. The salt comprises, for at least a portion of the process, a dopant element that acts as a sinter retardant in the metal. In preferred examples, the metallic powder is Ta or Nb powder produced by the reduction of a Ta or Nb oxide and the dopant is boron, nitrogen, or phosphorous.
1. A method of producing metallic powder or sponge for use in the manufacture of a capacitor comprising the steps of,
reducing a precursor non-metallic compound to metal in contact with a molten salt, the non-metallic compound being a solid compound in the form of a porous preform or pellet constructed from a powder or agglomerates of the non-metallic compound, in which the non-metallic compound comprises oxygen and the reduction to metal occurs by electro-deoxidation in which a cathode and an anode are arranged in contact with the molten salt and the non-metallic compound is arranged to be in contact with the cathode, and comprising the further step of applying a sufficient potential between the cathode and the anode to remove oxygen from the non-metallic compound, the potential not being sufficient to cause cations in the electrolyte to deposit as metal at the cathode,
in which the porous preform or pellet constructed from the powder or agglomerates of the non-metallic compound comprises a dopant that acts as a sinter retardant in the metallic powder or sponge, the dopant subsequently dissolving in the salt such that the salt comprises, for at least a portion of the process, the dopant.
2. The method according to claim 1 , in which the salt comprises between 50 ppm and 10000 ppm of the dopant.
3. The method according to claim 1 , in which the metallic powder or sponge is Ta.
4. The method according to claim 1 , in which the molten salt comprises one or more elements selected from barium, calcium, caesium, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, strontium, or yttrium.
5. The method according to claim 1 , in which the molten salt comprises a metal halide.
6. The method according to claim 1 , in which the dopant is boron.
7. The method according to claim 1 , in which there is more than one dopant.
8. The method according to claim 1 , in which the molten salt comprises calcium chloride.
9. The method according to claim 1 , in which the metallic powder or sponge is Nb.
10. The method according to claim 1 , in which the dopant is nitrogen.
11. The method according to claim 1 , in which the dopant is phosphorous.
12. The method according to claim 1 , in which the non-metallic compound is a Ta oxide.
13. The method according to claim 1 , in which the non-metallic compound is Ta 2 O 5 .
14. The method according to claim 1 , in which the non-metallic compound is an Nb oxide.