Flexographic printing process with wet on wet capability
The invention refers to a flexographic printing process with wet on wet capability based on controlled polymer or polymer segment precipitation that leads to gel formation of ink compounds by controlling the solubility parameter of the ink system. The mechanism to obtain a desirable wet on wet color trapping is the formation and/or presence of a gel in the applied ink film due to a controlled physicochemical mechanism of resin precipitation. This is accomplished either by controlling a change in the Hansen Solubility Parameter of the liquid in the ink through evaporation of some or all of a non-reactive and volatile solvent, or alternatively by use of a polymer comprised of two distinct and separate segments one of which is soluble in the monomer/oligomer mix and the other of which is not. The insoluble segments form a reversible gel that is broken to a liquid by shear in the application process, allowing application of a liquid ink, and is reestablished in the applied ink film in such a manner and with such strength as to allow overprinting in the wet on wet flexographic printing process.
1. A printing process using a radiation curable ink comprising:
applying to a substrate a radiation curable ink comprising a non-reactive polymer and a combination of materials selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, diluents, colorants, additives, and photo-initiators, wherein the ink is in a liquid state with a measurable viscosity ranging from about 100 cps to about 4000 cps; and
causing the ink to gel, wherein the gel has a hardness measurable according to ASTM D2240-05.
2. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the ink is in the liquid state as a result of the presence of a solvent, the application of physical forces, or combinations thereof.
3. The printing process according to claim 2 , wherein the ink is in the liquid state as a result of the presence of a solvent.
4. The printing process according to claim 2 , wherein the physical forces are thermal forces, mechanical forces, or a combination thereof.
5. The printing process according to claim 4 , wherein the ink is in the liquid state as a result of the application of thermal forces.
6. The printing process according to claims 4 , wherein the ink is in the liquid state as a result of the application of mechanical forces.
7. The printing process according to claim 6 , wherein the mechanical forces are the shear forces of the printing process.
8. The printing process according to claim 6 , wherein the mechanical forces are provided through agitation or stirring.
9. The printing process according to claim 1 , further comprising applying a second radiation curable ink while in a liquid state over at least part of the prior gelled ink and causing at least a portion of the second liquid ink to gel.
10. The printing process according to claim 9 , further comprising applying additional radiation curable ink while in a liquid state over at least part of a preceding gelled ink layer and: causing at least a portion of each additional liquid ink to gel prior to receiving the additional liquid ink.
11. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the printing process is a flexographic printing process.
12. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the printing process is a letterpress printing process.
13. The printing process according to claim 1 or 10 , further comprising curing a gelled ink layer.
14. The printing process according to claim 13 , wherein the curing is by electron-beam or ultra-violet radiation.
15. The printing process according to any one of claim 1 or 10 , wherein each printed layer has a thickness ranging from about 0.3 microns to about 2.4 microns.
16. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of ketonics, alkyl phenolics, acrylics, methacrylics, polyamides, epoxy-polyamides, modified maleics, modified phenolics, ketone formaldehydes, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyvinyl butyrals, and combinations or mixtures thereof.
17. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the ink further comprises a non-reactive solvent in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 12% by weight.
18. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the ink further comprises a solvent selected from a group consisting of propylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, n-Propyl propionate, n-Butyl propionate, n-Pentyl propionate, propylene glycol diacetate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
19. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the gel has a hardness lower than about OO/40/1.
20. A printing process comprising:
applying to a substrate a radiation curable ink comprising a non-reactive polymer and a combination of materials selected from the group consisting of monomers, oligomers, diluents, colorants, additives, and photo-initiators, wherein the ink is in a liquid state with a measurable viscosity ranging from about 100 cps to about 4000 cps when applied; and
causing at least a portion of the liquid ink to gel with a measurable hardness according to ASTM D2240-05, wherein the gel comprises a two phase system comprising a liquid phase contained within a solid network of polymer chains physically bound together by insoluble polymer segments.
21. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature differential for the ink to transition from liquid to gel is less than about 80° C.
22. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature differential for the ink to transition from liquid to gel is less than about 40° C.
23. The printing process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature differential for the ink to transition from liquid to gel ranges from about 40° C. to about 80° C.