Method for preventing, reducing and/or eliminating the fouling of a composite material
A method for preventing, reducing and/or eliminating the fouling of a composite material is provided, the composite material comprising (1) a plurality of conductive or semiconductive nanotubes, which are aligned parallel to one another, and (2) a matrix arranged between the conductive or semiconductive nanotubes, the composite material in the form of an isoporous membrane with nanopores which correspond to the pores of the conductive or semiconductive nanotubes and optionally to the pores of the matrix arranged between the conductive or semiconductive nanotubes, the method comprising applying an electric field to the composite material, wherein the fouling is prevented, reduced and/or eliminated at the surface, at and in the pores of the composite material.
1. A method for preventing, reducing and/or eliminating the fouling of a composite material comprising (1) a plurality of conductive or semiconductive nanotubes which are aligned parallel to one another, and (2) a matrix arranged between said conductive or semiconductive nanotubes, said composite material in the form of an isoporous membrane with nanopores which correspond to the pores of said conductive or semiconductive nanotubes and optionally to the pores of said matrix arranged between said conductive or semiconductive nanotubes,
said method comprising applying an electric field to said composite material, wherein the fouling is prevented, reduced and/or eliminated at the surface, at and in the pores of the composite material, wherein the electric field applied to said composite material is either a constant electric field obtained by applying a constant voltage of between 0.1 and 100 V for a time of 1 to 10000 s or a variable electric field obtained by applying a pulsed voltage of between 50 and 1000 V with pulses having a duration of between 0.1 μs and 100 ms and at a frequency between 10 Hz and 100 kHz.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein all or part of the conductive or semiconductive nanotubes are inorganic nanotubes selected from the group consisting of nanotubes of zinc oxide (ZnO), nanotubes of gallium nitride (GaN), nanotubes of boron nitride (BN), nanotubes of tungsten bisulfide (WS 2 ), nanotubes of molybdenum bisulfide (MoS 2 ), nanotubes of tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ), nanotubes of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), nanotubes of molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), and a mixture thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein all or part of the conductive or semiconductive nanotubes are organic nanotubes.
4. The method according to claim 1 further comprising at least one organic polymer covalently grafted onto the conductive or semiconductive nanotubes, and wherein the at least one organic polymer is only covalently grafted onto the outer lateral part of the nanotubes.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said matrix is selected from the group consisting of a ceramic matrix, polymer matrix, metal matrix, a matrix derived from biomass, a matrix derived from cellulose derivatives and mixtures thereof.