Additive for electrolyte of lithium battery, organic electrolytic solution comprising the same, and lithium battery using the organic electrolytic solution

1. An additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery, comprising:

a compound having the structure of Formula 1:

wherein, in Formula 1,

R is vinyl, allyl, ethynyl, propargyl, naphthyl, triazolyl, or thienyl; and

X is an unsubstituted C 2 -C 20 alkylene group, or X is a C 2 -C 20 alkylene group substituted with one or more R 20 groups where each R 20 is independently selected from the group consisting of a halo, an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkynyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted —O—(C 1 -C 8 alkyl), an unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 40 aryl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 40 heteroaryl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -C 40 heterocyclyl and a polar functional group including a hetero atom.

2. The additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the compound having the structure of Formula 1 is a compound having the structure of Formula 2:

wherein, in Formula 2,

R 1 to R 6 and R 8 to R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, —CN, C 1 -C 10 alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, a C 2 -C 10 alkenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, a C 2 -C 20 alkynyl group unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, —P(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —R 17 P(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —OP(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —R 17 OP(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —P(═O)(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —R 17 P(═O)(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —OP(═O)(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —R 17 OP(═O)(OR 18 )(OR 19 ), —R 17 SO 2 R 19 , or —SO 2 R 19 ;

R 7 is CN; and

R 8 is vinyl, allyl, ethynyl, propargyl, naphthyl, triazolyl, or thienyl;

R 17 is a C 1 -C 10 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group; and

R 18 and R 19 are each independently a C 1 -C 10 alkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, a C 6 -C 40 aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group, or a C 1 -C 40 heteroaryl group unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom or a cyano group.

3. The additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery of claim 2 , wherein the compound having the structure of Formula 2 is a compound having the structure of:

and R 8 is vinyl, allyl, naphthyl, triazolyl, or thienyl.

4. The additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein X is an unsubstituted C 2-8 alkylene group.

5. The additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the compound having the structure of Formula 1 is a compound having the structure of Formula 13:

wherein, in Formula 13,

each R 21 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 20 alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -C 20 alkynyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted —O—(C 1 -C 8 alkyl), an unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 40 aryl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 1 -C 40 heteroaryl, an unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -C 40 heterocyclyl and a polar functional group including a hetero atom.

6. The additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery of claim 5 , wherein R is vinyl or allyl.

7. The additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery of claim 5 , wherein R is vinyl, allyl, ethynyl, propargyl, naphthyl, triazolyl, or thienyl.

8. An additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery, comprising:

a compound having the structure of one of Formulae 3 to 10 or Formula 12:

9. An electrolyte, comprising:

a lithium salt;

a non-aqueous organic solvent; and

the additive of claim 8 .

10. The electrolyte of claim 9 , wherein the additive is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte.

11. The electrolyte of claim 9 , wherein the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte is from about 0.01 M to about 2.0 M.

12. A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:

a negative electrode;

a positive electrode; and

the electrolyte of claim 9 .

13. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the negative electrode comprises graphite.

14. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 12 , wherein the operating voltage is about 3.8V or greater.