Method and apparatus for treating a steel article
A method for forming and treating a steel article of a high strength and high ductility alloy particularly suited for use as armor plate. The method includes the steps of providing a starting material for the steel article, heating the starting material to a peak temperature range in less than ten seconds, holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and six seconds, quenching the heated steel composition from the peak temperature range to below 100° C. (212° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of 400 and 3000° C./sec (752 and 5432° F./sec), removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition, tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature of 100 to 260° C. (212 to 500° F.); and air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) to form a steel having desired mechanical properties.
1. A method for treating a steel article to form a high yield strength and ductile alloy comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a steel composition having a material thickness less than 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), having an initial microstructure of ferrite and pearlite, and having a composition of, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.55%
silicon between 0.15 and 0.35%,
manganese between 0.40 and 1.0%,
chromium between 0.80 and 1.10%,
molybdenum between 0.15 and 0.25%,
sulfur less than 0.040%,
phosphorus less than 0.035%,
balance with iron and incidental ingredients;
(b) heating the provided steel composition to a peak temperature of between 850° C. (1562° F.) and 1150° C. (2102° F.) in less than ten seconds;
(c) holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and ten seconds;
(d) quenching the heated steel composition from the peak temperature range to below 100° C. (212° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of between 400 and 3000° C./sec (752-5432° F./sec);
(e) removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition;
(f) tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature from 100° C. to 260° C. (212-500° F.) for less than ninety minutes;
(g) air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) to form a steel article having at least 80% martensite and up to 5% bainite by volume, a yield strength of at least 1800 MPa, a total elongation between 5% and 12%, and having a V 50 protection ballistic limit at 30° obliquity angle between 2300 and 2510 feet per second (701-765 m/s) with a .30 caliber armor piercing round for a thickness of 0.25 inches (6.35 mm).
2. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the steel composition is preheated at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 538° C. (1000° F.) before step (b).
3. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 538° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
4. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 538° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to between the austenization temperature and 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
5. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the steel composition is heated in less than eight seconds.
6. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 5 , where the steel is heated in less than six seconds.
7. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the heated steel composition is held at the peak temperature range for between two and six seconds.
8. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the heated steel composition is quenched from the peak temperature range to below 50° C. (122° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of between 400 and 3000° C./sec (752-5432° F./sec).
9. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the residual quench media is removed from the surface of the quenched steel composition by at least one of mechanical wiping, blown air, and combinations thereof.
10. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than twenty minutes.
11. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than ten minutes.
12. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for two minutes or less.
13. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 further comprising the step of, prior to heating the steel composition, welding together two lengths of steel plate along the width with one or more welds to form a continuous series of steel plates.
14. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 13 where an indicia is applied to the steel plate in advance of the welding step to enable a vision system to identify the location of end portions of lengths of the steel plates for the welding step.
15. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 13 where the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate across the width of the steel plates.
16. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 15 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
17. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 15 with the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate in three sections where the center portion of steel plate is done first and the side portions are welded to provide a weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
18. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 17 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
19. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 15 where after at least step (f) the steel plate is cut into lengths at least at the seams while the steel plate continuously moves along the conveyor.
20. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 where the heating step is performed using an induction heater.
21. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 where the quenching step is performed by flowing a quench medium over the steel article at a rate of up to 900 gallons/min (3400 L/min).
22. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 21 where the quench medium is water.
23. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 21 where the quenching step is performed in more than 1 second and not more than 20 seconds.
24. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 where the tempering step is performed using an induction heater.
25. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 where the tempering step is performed at between 100° C. (212° F.) and 260° C. (500° F.) in a time between 1 and 10 seconds.
26. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.40%.
27. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 1 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.40 and 0.55%.
28. A method for treating a steel article to form a high yield strength and ductile alloy comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a steel composition having a material thickness less than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), having an initial microstructure of ferrite and pearlite, and having a composition of, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.55%
silicon between 0.15 and 0.35%,
manganese between 0.40 and 1.0%,
chromium between 0.80 and 1.10%,
molybdenum between 0.15 and 0.25%,
sulfur less than 0.040%,
phosphorus less than 0.035%,
balance with iron and incidental ingredients;
(b) heating the provided steel composition to a peak temperature between 850-1150° C. (1562-2102° F.) in less than ten seconds;
(c) holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and ten seconds;
(d) quenching the heated steel composition to below 100° C. (212° F.) in less than four seconds;
(e) removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition;
(f) tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature between 100° C. and 260° C. (212-500° F.) for less than ninety minutes;
(g) air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) having a transformed microstructure of at least 80% martensite and up to 5% bainite by volume, a yield strength of at least 1800 MPa, and a total elongation between 5% and 12%.
29. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the steel composition is preheated at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
30. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 540° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
31. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 538° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to between the austenization temperature and 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
32. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the steel is heated in less than eight seconds.
33. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 32 , where the steel is heated in less than six seconds.
34. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the heated steel composition is held at the peak temperature range for between two and six seconds.
35. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the heated steel composition is quenched from the peak temperature range to below 100° C. (212° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of 400-3000° C./sec (752-5432° F./sec).
36. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than twenty minutes.
37. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than ten minutes.
38. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for two minutes or less.
39. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 , where the quenched steel composition is tempered by a combination of induction and oven tempering for 30 to 90 minutes.
40. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 further comprising the step of, prior to heating the steel composition, welding together two lengths of steel plate along the width with one or more welds to form a continuous series of steel plates.
41. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 40 where the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate across the width of the steel plates.
42. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 41 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
43. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 40 with the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate in three sections where the center portion of steel plate is done first and the side portions are thereafter welded to provide a weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
44. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 43 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
45. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 where the heating step is performed using an induction heater.
46. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 where the quenching step is performed by flowing a quench medium over the steel article at a rate of up to 900 gallons/min (3400 L/min).
47. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 46 where the quench medium is water.
48. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 47 where the quenching step is performed in more than 1 second and not more than 20 seconds.
49. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 where after at least step (f) the steel plate is cut into lengths at least at the seams while the steel plate continuously moves along the conveyor.
50. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 where the tempering step is performed using an induction heater.
51. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 50 where the tempering step is performed at between 100° C. (212° F.) and 260° C. (500° F.) in less than 10 minutes.
52. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 where the tempering step is performed using an oven.
53. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 wherein the tempering step is performed using a combination of oven and induction heater.
54. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.40%.
55. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 28 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.40 and 0.55%.
56. A method for treating a steel article to form a high yield strength and ductile alloy comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a steel composition having a material thickness less than 0.5 inches (12.7 mm), having an initial microstructure of ferrite and pearlite, and having a composition of, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.55%
silicon between 0.15 and 0.35%,
manganese between 0.40 and 1.0%,
chromium between 0.80 and 1.10%,
molybdenum between 0.15 and 0.25%,
sulfur less than 0.040%,
phosphorus less than 0.035%,
balance with iron and incidental ingredients;
(b) heating the provided steel composition to a peak temperature of between 850° C. (1562° F.) and 1150° C. (2102° F.) in less than ten seconds;
(c) holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and sixty seconds;
(d) quenching the heated steel composition from the peak temperature range to below 100° C. (212° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of between 400 and 3000° C./sec (752-5432° F./sec);
(e) removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition;
(f) tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature from 100° C. to 260° C. (212-500° F.) for less than ninety minutes;
(g) air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) to form a steel article having at least 80% martensite and up to 5% bainite by volume, a yield strength of at least 1800 MPa, a total elongation between 5% and 12%, and having a V 50 protection ballistic limit at 30° obliquity angle between 2300 and 2510 feet per second (701-765 m/s) with a .30 caliber armor piercing round for a thickness of 0.25 inches (6.35 mm).
57. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the steel composition is preheated at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 538° C. (1000° F.) before step (b).
58. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 538° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
59. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 538° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to between the austenization temperature and 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
60. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the steel composition is heated in less than eight seconds.
61. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 60 , where the steel is heated in less than six seconds.
62. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the heated steel composition is held at the peak temperature range for between two and thirty seconds.
63. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the heated steel composition is quenched from the peak temperature range to below 50° C. (122° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of between 400 and 3000° C./sec (752-5432° F./sec).
64. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the residual quench media is removed from the surface of the quenched steel composition by at least one of mechanical wiping, blown air, and combinations thereof.
65. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than twenty minutes.
66. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than ten minutes.
67. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for two minutes or less.
68. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 further comprising the step of, prior to heating the steel composition, welding together two lengths of steel plate along the width with one or more welds to form a continuous series of steel plates.
69. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 68 where an indicia is applied to the steel plate in advance of the welding step to enable a vision system to identify the location of end portions of lengths of the steel plates for the welding step.
70. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 68 where the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate across the width of the steel plates.
71. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 70 with the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate in three sections where the center portion of steel plate is done first and the side portions are welded to provide a weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
72. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 71 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
73. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 70 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
74. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 70 where after at least step (f) the steel plate is cut into lengths at least at the seams while the steel plate continuously moves along the conveyor.
75. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 where the heating step is performed using an induction heater.
76. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 where the quenching step is performed by flowing a quench medium over the steel article at a rate of up to 900 gallons/min (3400 L/min).
77. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 76 where the quench medium is water.
78. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 76 where the quenching step is performed in more than 1 second and not more than 20 seconds.
79. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 where the tempering step is performed using an induction heater.
80. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 where the tempering step is performed at between 100° C. (212° F.) and 260° C. (500° F.) in a time between 1 and 10 seconds.
81. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.40%.
82. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 56 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.40 and 0.55%.
83. A method for treating a steel article to form a high yield strength and ductile alloy comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a steel composition having a material thickness less than 0.5 inch (12.7 mm), having an initial microstructure of ferrite and pearlite, and having a composition of, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.55%
silicon between 0.15 and 0.35%,
manganese between 0.40 and 1.0%,
chromium between 0.80 and 1.10%,
molybdenum between 0.15 and 0.25%,
sulfur less than 0.040%,
phosphorus less than 0.035%,
balance with iron and incidental ingredients;
(b) heating the provided steel composition to a peak temperature between 850-1150° C. (1562-2102° F.) in less than ten seconds;
(c) holding the heated steel composition at the peak temperature range for between two and sixty seconds;
(d) quenching the heated steel composition to below 100° C. (212° F.) in less than four seconds;
(e) removing residual quench media from the surface of the quenched steel composition;
(f) tempering the quenched steel composition at a temperature between 100° C. and 260° C. (212-500° F.) for less than ninety minutes;
(g) air cooling the tempered steel composition to less than 100° C. (212° F.) having a transformed microstructure of at least 80% martensite and up to 5% bainite by volume, a yield strength of at least 1800 MPa, and a total elongation between 5% and 12%.
84. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the steel composition is preheated at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
85. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 540° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to not more than 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
86. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the steel composition is preheated to a temperature between 260° C. (500° F.) and 538° C. (1000° F.) and preheating at least 0.7° C. (33.3° F.) per second to between the austenization temperature and 815° C. (1500° F.) before step (b).
87. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the steel is heated in less than eight seconds.
88. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 87 , where the steel is heated in less than six seconds.
89. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the heated steel composition is held at the peak temperature range for between two and thirty seconds.
90. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the heated steel composition is quenched from the peak temperature range to below 100° C. (212° F.) at a temperature rate reduction of 400-3000° C./sec (752-5432° F./sec).
91. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than twenty minutes.
92. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for less than ten minutes.
93. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the quenched steel composition is induction tempered for two minutes or less.
94. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 , where the quenched steel composition is tempered by a combination of induction and oven tempering for 30 to 90 minutes.
95. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 further comprising the step of, prior to heating the steel composition, welding together two lengths of steel plate along the width with one or more welds to form a continuous series of steel plates.
96. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 95 where the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate across the width of the steel plates.
97. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 96 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
98. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 95 with the step of welding includes applying a weave weld bridging between lengths of steel plate in three sections where the center portion of steel plate is done first and the side portions are thereafter welded to provide a weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
99. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 98 where in addition a seam weld is applied over the weave weld across the width of the steel plates.
100. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 where the heating step is performed using an induction heater.
101. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 where the quenching step is performed by flowing a quench medium over the steel article at a rate of up to 900 gallons/min (3400 L/min).
102. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 101 where the quench medium is water.
103. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 102 where the quenching step is performed in more than 1 second and not more than 20 seconds.
104. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 where after at least step (f) the steel plate is cut into lengths at least at the seams while the steel plate continuously moves along the conveyor.
105. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 where the tempering step is performed using an induction heater.
106. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 105 where the tempering step is performed at between 100° C. (212° F.) and 260° C. (500° F.) in less than 10 minutes.
107. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 where the tempering step is performed using an oven.
108. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 wherein the tempering step is performed using a combination of oven and induction heater.
109. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.25 and 0.40%.
110. The method for treating a steel article as claimed in claim 83 where the steel composition has, by weight,
carbon between 0.40 and 0.55%.