Carbendazim-based catalytic materials
A method of preparation of M-N—C catalytic material utilizing a sacrificial support approach and using inexpensive and readily available metal precursors and carbendazim (CBDZ) as the carbon source is described.
1. A method for forming a catalytic material comprising:
providing sacrificial template particles;
reacting a metal precursor and carbendazim (CBDZ) onto the sacrificial template particles to produce dispersed precursors;
heat treating the dispersed precursors; and
removing the sacrificial template particles to produce a highly dispersed, self-supported, high surface area electrocatalytic material.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the metal precursor is a transition metal precursor.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the transition metal precursor is iron nitrate.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein heat treating the dispersed precursors comprises pyrolysis.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein pyrolysis is conducted at a temperature above 750° C. and below 900° C.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein pyrolysis is conducted at a temperature between 775 and 825° C.
7. The method of claim 5 wherein pyrolysis is conducted at 800° C.
8. The method of claim 4 wherein pyrolysis is conducted in a reactive atmosphere.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein pyrolysis is conducted in ammonia.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of metal precursor:CBDZ prior to heat treatment is between 1:4 and 1:12.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the ratio of metal precursor:CBDZ prior to heat treatment is between 1:6 and 1:10.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the ratio of metal precursor:CBDZ prior to heat treatment is 1:8.
13. A catalytic material comprising a metal and a substantial portion of carbon derived from carbendazim (CBDZ).
14. The catalytic material of claim 13 wherein the catalytic material is unsupported.
15. The catalytic material of claim 14 wherein all of the carbon in the material is derived from CBDZ.
16. The catalytic material of claim 13 wherein the metal is derived from a transition metal precursor.
17. The catalytic material of claim 16 wherein the ratio of transition metal precursor:CBDZ is between 1:4 and 1:12.
18. The catalytic material if claim 17 wherein the ratio of transition metal precursor:CBDZ is 1:8.
19. A catalytic material formed by:
providing sacrificial template particles;
reacting a metal precursor and carbendazim (CBDZ) onto the sacrificial template particles to produce dispersed precursors;
heat treating the dispersed precursors; and
removing the sacrificial template particles to produce a dispersed, self-supported, electrocatalytic material.
20. The catalytic material of claim 19 wherein the dispersed precursors are heat treated by pyrolysis at 800° C. and the ratio of metal precursor:CBDZ prior to heat treatment is 1:8.