Compositions and methods for decreasing leukocyte extravasation and vessel fluid leakage
Provided herein are methods of decreasing leukocyte extravasation from a lymph or blood vessel into a tissue in a mammal, methods of decreasing fluid leakage from a lymph or blood vessel in a mammal in need thereof, methods of decreasing formation of atherosclerotic plaques in a mammal in need thereof, and methods of treating atherosclerosis in a mammal that include administering to the mammal an oligonucleotide that decreases Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (Map4k4) mRNA expression in an endothelial cell. Also provided are methods of identifying a candidate agent useful for decreasing leukocyte extravasation or decreasing fluid leakage from a lymph or blood vessel in a mammal, and compositions containing an oligonucleotide that decreases Map4k4 mRNA expression in an endothelial cell and additional therapeutic agents.
1. A method of reducing formation of atherosclerotic plaques in a blood vessel in a mammal, the method comprising:
identifying a mammal having atherosclerosis; and
administering to the identified subject an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an inhibitory RNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, and a ribozyme that decreases Map4k4 mRNA expression in an endothelial cell, in an amount sufficient to decrease the expression of Map4k4 in an endothelial cell that lines a lumen of a blood vessel in the identified mammal, thereby reducing extravasation of leukocytes from the lumen of the blood vessel and reducing formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the blood vessel in the identified mammal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mammal is a human.
3. A method of treating atherosclerosis in a mammal, the method comprising:
identifying a mammal having atherosclerosis; and
administering to the identified mammal an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an inhibitory RNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, and a ribozyme that decreases Map4k4 mRNA expression in an endothelial cell, in an amount sufficient to decrease the expression of Map4k4 in an endothelial cell that lines a lumen of a blood vessel in the identified mammal, thereby reducing extravasation of leukocytes from the lumen of the blood vessel, and treating atherosclerosis in the identified mammal.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the mammal is a human.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide is administered by intravenous or intraarterial administration.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide is an inhibitory RNA.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the inhibitory RNA is a small inhibitory RNA.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide is an antisense oligonucleotide.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligonucleotide is a ribozyme.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to the identified mammal one or more additional agents useful for treating atherosclerosis selected from the group consisting of: an anti-inflammatory agent, an analgesic, a cholesterol-improving therapeutic agent, a fibrate, nicotinic acid, a bile acid sequestrant, an omega-3 oil supplement, an anti-platelet drug, and a blood thinner.
11. The method of claim 3 , wherein the oligonucleotide is administered by intravenous or intraarterial administration.
12. The method of claim 3 , wherein the oligonucleotide is an inhibitory RNA.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the inhibitory RNA is a small inhibitory RNA.
14. The method of claim 3 , wherein the oligonucleotide is an antisense oligonucleotide.
15. The method of claim 3 , wherein the oligonucleotide is a ribozyme.
16. The method of claim 3 , further comprising administering to the identified mammal one or more additional agents useful for treating atherosclerosis selected from the group consisting of: an anti-inflammatory agent, an analgesic, a cholesterol-improving therapeutic agent, a fibrate, nicotinic acid, a bile acid sequestrant, an omega-3 oil supplement, an anti-platelet drug, and a blood thinner.
17. A method of treating atherosclerosis in a mammal, the method comprising:
identifying a mammal having atherosclerosis; and
administering to the identified mammal an oligonucleotide selected from the group of an oligonucleotide selected from the group consisting of an inhibitory RNA, an antisense oligonucleotide, and a ribozyme that decreases Map4k4 mRNA expression in an endothelial cell, in an amount sufficient to decrease the expression of Map4k4 in an endothelial cell that lines a lumen of a blood vessel in the identified mammal, thereby treating atherosclerosis in the subject.