Systems and methods for injecting a particulate mixture
A method of backfilling a subsurface formation that includes forming a mixture tailings from at least two sources that have particles with different size distributions. The water content of the mixture is varied to control the rheology of the mixture. The mixture is injected through one or more pipes into a target location, such as a subsurface formation.
1. A method of backfilling a subsurface formation comprising:
forming a mixture of tailings from at least a first tailings stream and a second tailings stream, wherein the first tailings stream and second tailings stream are produced from one or more hydrocarbon recovery processes and have different particle size distributions and the mixture is comprised of a fluid;
varying the fluid content of the mixture to control the rheology of the mixture; and
injecting the mixture having the controlled rheology through a pipe into the subsurface formation;
wherein the permeability of the mixture is between about 0.01 and about 10 times an initial permeability of a material in a subsurface formation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subsurface bitumen.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a mass-averaged median diameter of the particles of the first tailings stream is larger than a mass-averaged median diameter of the particles of the second tailings stream.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein varying the fluid content of the mixture comprises adding a fluid to the mixture to control the rheology of the mixture, the density of the mixture, or both.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein varying the fluid content of the mixture comprises adding a fluid the second tailings stream to control the rheology of the mixture, the density of the mixture, or both.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein varying the fluid content of the mixture comprises removing a fluid from the mixture to control the rheology of the mixture, the density of the mixture, or both.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rheology of the mixture, the density of the mixture, or both, is controlled to adjust a frictional pressure loss of the mixture during a flow through a pipe or a wellbore.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a ratio of mixing between the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream based, at least in part, on a real-time estimate of averaged particle sizes, particle size distributions, permeability, rheology, or density for one of the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a ratio of mixing between the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream to control, at least in part, an injection rate of the mixture.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a ratio of mixing between the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream to control, at least in part, an erosion rate of the pipe due to the mixture flow.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subsurface formation is located at a depth of least about 50 meters.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a ratio of mixing the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream based, at least in part, on a real-time measurement of averaged particle sizes, particle size distributions, or rheology of one or more particle sources or the resulting mixture.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rheology of the mixture is controlled so that the mixture does not free fall in the pipe during injection.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein an injection pipe includes an inner pipe to reduce a cross-sectional flow space.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is formed at the surface in a blending apparatus.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixing is performed in a subsurface region by commingling of the outlets of two or more pipes.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first tailings stream is comprised of coarse particles and the second tailings stream is comprised of fine particles.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein tailings are produced from part or the whole of material produced from the subsurface formation.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rheological property is controlled, at least in part, by addition of a chemical additive.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the chemical additive comprises a polymer, a gelling agent, a flocculent, a pH modifier, or any combinations thereof.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first tailings stream and the second tailings stream comprise tailings produced from a slurrified heavy oil reservoir extraction process.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the slurrified heavy oil reservoir extraction process is a Clark hot water extraction process.
23. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing a fluid from the second tailings stream to control the rheology of the mixture, the density of the mixture, or both.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the fluid is removed in a thickener vessel.
25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the fluid is removed with an addition of coagulation agents.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein varying the fluid content of the mixture comprises adding a fluid to the first tailings stream to control the rheology of the mixture, the density of the mixture, or both.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein varying the fluid content of the mixture comprises removing a fluid from the first tailings stream to control the rheology of the mixture, the density of the mixture, or both.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the fluid is removed from the first tailings stream by a centrifuge, a vacuum belt, a vibrating screen filter, or any combinations thereof.
29. A method for harvesting hydrocarbons from a reservoir, comprising:
drilling an injection well to a reservoir;
drilling a production well to the reservoir;
producing a material from the production well, wherein the material comprises a mixture of particulate solids and hydrocarbons;
removing at least a portion of the hydrocarbons from the material;
forming a plurality of particulate streams from the material;
forming a mixture comprising at least two of the plurality of particulate streams, wherein the ratio between each of the plurality of particulate streams is controlled to control a permeability of the mixture;
controlling a water content of the mixture to adjust a rheological property of the mixture; and
injecting the mixture through the injection well into the reservoir at the same rate as production of the material from the reservoir.
30. The method of claim 29 , further comprising processing a hydrocarbon removed from the material.
31. The method of claim 29 , wherein the reservoir comprises a hydrocarbon and a sand.
32. The method of claim 29 , wherein the reservoir comprises bitumen.
33. The method of claim 29 , wherein the mixture comprises residual hydrocarbons.