User-wearable devices with primary and secondary radiator antennas
A user-wearable device include a wireless transceiver, a primary radiator antenna and a secondary radiator antenna. The primary radiator antenna produces a first radio frequency (RF) radiation pattern when driven by the wireless transceiver, wherein the first RF radiation pattern is at least partially circularly polarized. The secondary radiator antenna, which is spaced apart from the primary radiator antenna, is configured to modify the first RF radiation pattern produced by the primary radiator antenna to thereby produce a second RF radiation pattern having increased RF radiation in a specific direction (e.g., away from the user's/wearer's skin) compared to the first RF radiation pattern. Inclusion of both the primary radiator antenna and the secondary radiator antenna increases an overall antenna efficiency (e.g., by about 3 dB) in the specific direction compared to if only the primary radiator antenna was included.
1. A user-wearable device, comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB);
a wireless transceiver;
a primary radiator antenna that produces a first radio frequency (RF) radiation pattern when driven by the wireless transceiver, said primary radiator antenna comprising an electrically conductive trace located on or in the PCB; and
a secondary radiator antenna spaced apart from the primary radiator antenna, said secondary radiator antenna comprising an electrically conductive continuous loop spaced apart from the PCB, and said secondary radiator antenna configured to modify the first RF radiation pattern produced by the primary radiator antenna to thereby produce a second RF radiation pattern having increased RF radiation in a specific direction compared to the first RF radiation pattern.
2. The user-wearable device of claim 1 , wherein inclusion of both the primary radiator antenna and the secondary radiator antenna increases an overall antenna efficiency by about 3 dB in the specific direction compared to if only the primary radiator antenna was included.
3. The user-wearable device of claim 1 ,
wherein the wireless transceiver is implemented in an integrated circuit chip that is mounted to the PCB.
4. The user-wearable device of claim 1 , wherein:
the PCB includes a top surface and a bottom surface;
the primary radiator antenna is located on the bottom surface of the PCB; and
the secondary radiator antenna is located above and spaced apart from the top surface of the PCB.
5. The user-wearable device of claim 4 , wherein the user-wearable device comprises a case that is configured to be strapped to a user's wrist or arm using a band; and wherein the PCB, the wireless transceiver and the primary radiator antenna are located within the case.
6. The user-wearable device of claim 5 , wherein the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna is integrally formed with or mechanically attached to an exterior of the case, and thus, is viewable by a user.
7. The user-wearable device of claim 6 , further comprising:
a display mounted to a top surface of the PCB; and
a crystal that covers the display;
wherein the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna surrounds the display.
8. The user-wearable device of claim 7 , wherein the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna comprises a bezel that holds the crystal in place.
9. The user-wearable device of claim 7 , wherein the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna surrounds or covers a bezel that holds the crystal in place.
10. The user-wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna comprises a circular ring of an electrically conductive metal.
11. The user-wearable device of claim 10 , wherein the electrically conductive metal is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, brass, tungsten, zinc and nickel.
12. The user-wearable device of claim 1 , wherein:
the wireless transceiver is configured to transmit and receive RF signals within a frequency band having a range of about 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz; and
the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna comprises a circular ring of an electrically conductive metal having a circumference in a range of about 10 cm to 14 cm.
13. The user-wearable device of claim 1 , wherein:
the wireless transceiver is configured to transmit and receive RF signals within a frequency band having a range of about 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz; and
the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna comprises a non-circular ring of an electrically conductive metal having a total circumferential length in a range of about 10 cm to 14 cm.
14. The user-wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the wireless transceiver, the primary radiator antenna and the secondary radiator antenna are components of a wireless communication interface that enables the user-wearable device to wirelessly communicate with a further device.
15. The user-wearable device of claim 14 , wherein the wireless communication interface further comprises at least one of a matching network and a balun.
16. A method for use by a user-wearable device, the method comprising:
(a) driving a primary radiator antenna to thereby produce a first radio frequency (RF) radiation pattern, the primary radiator antenna comprising an electrically conductive trace located on or in a printed circuit board (PCB) that is within a case of the user-wearable device; and
(b) producing a second RF radiation pattern having increased RF radiation in a specific direction compared to the first RF radiation pattern, by using a secondary radiator antenna, spaced apart from the primary radiator antenna, to modify the first RF radiation pattern to produce the second RF radiation pattern, the secondary radiator antenna comprising an electrically conductive continuous loop spaced apart from the primary radiator antenna.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first RF radiation pattern, produced at step (a), is at least partially circularly polarized.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the driving at step (a) is performing by a wireless transceiver that is implemented in an integrated circuit chip that is mounted to the PCB.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the electrically conductive continuous loop of the secondary radiator antenna comprises a ring of an electrically conductive metal that surrounds a display of the user-wearable device, and thus, is viewable to a user.
20. The user-wearable device, comprising:
a case;
a band attached to the case and configured to strap the case to a portion of a user's body;
a printed circuit board (PCB) within the case and including a top surface and a bottom surface;
a display within the case and mounted to the top surface of the PCB;
a crystal that covers the display;
a bezel that attaches the crystal to the case;
a wireless transceiver; and
a primary radiator antenna that produces a radio frequency (RF) radiation pattern when driven by the wireless transceiver, the primary radiator antenna comprising an electrically conductive trace located on or in the PCB;
wherein the bezel comprises an electrically conductive continuous loop spaced apart from the PCB and that acts as a secondary radiator antenna that modifies the RF pattern produced by the primary radiator antenna.
21. The user-wearable device of claim 20 , wherein the bezel is made of an electrically conductive metal that is selected from the group consisting of silver, copper, gold, aluminum, brass, tungsten, zinc and nickel.
22. The user-wearable device of claim 20 , wherein:
the wireless transceiver is configured to transmit and receive RF signals within a frequency band having a range of about 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz; and
the bezel has a circumference in a range of about 10 cm to 14 cm.
23. The user-wearable device of claim 20 , further comprising at least one of a matching network and a balun electrically coupled between the wireless transceiver and the primary radiator antenna.
24. The user-wearable device of claim 20 , wherein the wireless transceiver is implemented in an integrated circuit chip that is mounted to the bottom surface of the PCB.
25. The user-wearable device of claim 24 , wherein the electrically conductive trace that comprises the primary radiator antenna is located on the bottom surface of the PCB.